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• W4307103684 abstract "Getting QAnon Wrong and Right Joseph E. Uscinski (bio) the group known as qanon attracted significant media attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the lead-up to the 2020 US presidential election (Ingram 2020). This attention was partially due to the group's characteristics: it was new, associated with President Donald Trump, and linked to violent actions. QAnon also attracted attention because many news outlets had multiple journalists dedicated to covering social media platforms, misinformation, and conspiracy theories (Napoli 2021). The resulting headlines warned of QAnon's increasing size and influence in American politics (Stelter 2020) and of its global spread. In much of the coverage, QAnon became a focal point for broader concerns about the post-truth age, the infodemic during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the purported spread of conspiracy theories, fake news, and misinformation online. CNN claimed that QAnon was dangerous and growing (Stelter 2020); the New York Times claimed QAnon was as big as the Tea Party movement (Roose 2020), and Salon.com argued it had grown to rival the Christian Right (Marcotte 2020). Many journalists warned that the United States was exporting QAnon to other countries (e.g., Gunia 2020; Lamoureux 2020), and media outlets outside the United States ran similar headlines as well: in the UK, the Guardian, the Independent, and the Week all claimed that one in four Britons believe QAnon conspiracy theories (e.g., Quinn 2020). The size and growth of QAnon should not have been a surprise, since, as CNBC reported, just looking at QAnon content online could brainwash people (Rodriguez 2021). The public seemed to be persuaded by the headlines [End Page 551] about QAnon: polls showed that a majority of Americans believed that conspiracy theories were more believed now than in the past and were being driven by social media use (e.g., CBS News 2018). The alarmist headlines were often used by politicians and government officials as evidence of a looming catastrophe and the need to do something to prevent it. The FBI issued a bulletin suggesting that QAnon was potentially driving both groups and individual extremists to carry out criminal or violent acts (Winter 2019). Congress held committee hearings addressing QAnon and passed a resolution denouncing it (Pecorin 2020). Members of Congress called for the removal of QAnon posts on social media platforms, and, under intense pressure, tech companies removed QAnon-related groups and content from their platforms (Zadrozny 2020). By coercing private companies with only the threat of action, politicians could curtail political speech that would otherwise be protected by the First Amendment. Such censorious behavior was justified on the grounds that QAnon content was extremely persuasive, could trap people in online echo chambers, and could inspire followers to engage in nonnormative and violent actions. Despite the frequent alarmist claims about QAnon influence, however, the journalistic narrative about QAnon was often short on evidence, if evidence was brought to bear at all. Basic descriptive claims about QAnon—its size, growth, and rate of spread—relied largely on anecdotes gleaned from online activity or from poorly executed polls. While much of the coverage blamed social media use for belief in QAnon, and QAnon beliefs for followers' harmful actions, the evidence presented for these claims was generally slim and often confused correlation with causation. Ironically, the reasoning displayed in the news coverage of QAnon suffered from the same shortcomings that journalists accused QAnon followers of suffering from. Many journalists reporting on QAnon appeared to be trapped in an echo chamber of their own making, each feeding off others' alarmist claims, and in turn, each attempting to outdo their competitors' alarmist headlines. Confirmation [End Page 552] bias seemed to lead journalists to focus on evidence and experts that supported their claims while contradictory evidence only rarely pierced the echo chamber, even when it became apparent that the oft-repeated claims about the size and spread of QAnon were either vast overestimations or illogical. The concerns expressed about QAnon amounted to something of a panic, and because governments used this panic as a justification for curtailing free speech rights, it is imperative to reassess whether the concerns this panic was based upon have merit. Whereas scholars have the..." @default.
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• W4307103684 date "2022-09-01" @default.
• W4307103684 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4307103684 title "Getting QAnon Wrong and Right" @default.
• W4307103684 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2022.0038" @default.
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