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• W4307103693 abstract "Guest Editor's Introduction Oz Frankel circulating promiscuously through the venues of old and new media and gaining legitimacy and support from political leaders, conspiracy theories that purport to expose the machinations of the deep state, the pedophilic proclivities of Democratic Party officials, the coming White genocide, the mortal danger posed by COVID-19 face masks, and the stolen 2020 US presidential election—among other plots and schemes—have been embraced by millions of Americans. In the 1960s, when historian Richard Hofstadter published his still widely read article on the paranoid style in American political history (1965), he identified conspiratorial thinking as emanating from the political margins but ultimately squashed by a robust, strongly liberal political center. Hofstadter's confidence about the immunity of the American mainstream to paranoia and demonology has been challenged ever since, but Donald Trump's remaking of the presidency itself as a hub for the incubation and dissemination of conspiracist thought has little by way of precedent. In the current political landscape, conspiracy theories seem to challenge intellectual and professional elites' authority as well as the hitherto accepted methods for adjudication of facts, whether based on the scientific method, the power of state institutions, the protocols of courts, or the professional ethos of modern journalism. However, conspiratorial thinking has become very much part of the frame of mind and rhetoric of political elites in the United States as well as in other countries. Some observers maintain that contemporary conspiracism has assumed radical new forms, whether the proliferation of conspiracy without theory—vague claims that are validated [End Page xv] not by evidence but simply through endless repetition (Muirhead and Rosenblum 2019)—or the participatory, interpretative subculture that eagerly followed QAnon's mysterious drops. Conspiracy theories are not unique to populists or the political right. Historically, they have been present across the political spectrum (remember Hillary Clinton's dismissal of initial reports on the Monica Lewinsky scandal as the product of a vast right-wing conspiracy). Pollsters follow the popularity of conspiracy theories among Republican voters, but over time surveys suggest that basically all Americans hold conspiracy beliefs (Smallpage et al. 2020, 264). As importantly, conspiracies—sometimes indeed vast and nefarious—do exist. After all, this preface is being written just as the Congressional committee investigating January 6, 2021, concluded its summer 2022 session parading testimonies on what appears to be a wide-ranging ploy to subvert the legitimate results of the 2020 presidential election—an actual conspiracy cloaked in a concocted theory about conspiracy. We should also keep in mind that conspiracism is countered by a vigorous and at times rather sensationalist anti-conspiracist campaign. In contemporary politics it is staged as a response to the global populist surge. Nevertheless, the media seems titillated by some of the most outlandish accusations about elites' heinous plans and desires regardless of their actual degree of public acceptance and habitually grants them wider visibility. Moreover, conspiracy theory is a censorious term that over almost a century, ever since Karl Popper railed against the conspiracy theory of society, has been deployed to undermine the legitimacy of particular claims and to denigrate their purveyors. In the United States and elsewhere, it is occasionally used to sweepingly associate populism with irrationality and even paranoia—in what, according to some, has amounted to a moral panic. In recent decades, global interest in conspiracy theories by historians, political scientists, literary critics, sociologists, philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, and scholars in other disciplines has generated a substantial body of literature. (A bibliography of conspiracy [End Page xvi] studies stretches over more than 110 pages [COST n.d.].) The main focus of this volume is the current permutations of conspiracy discourse, its epistemological underpinnings, historicity, intersection with nationalist populism and other ideological camps, capitalization on the tools of social media, and the potential threat it might present to public knowledge and to democracy. The following articles are based on both qualitative and quantitative research. They address diverse aspects of the conspiracist phenomena offered from different disciplinary and political vantage points. Accordingly, the articles betray several disagreements about the scope, danger, and politics of conspiratorial thought. Also noticeable are divergent approaches regarding how to best categorize—or explain..." @default.
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• W4307103693 date "2022-09-01" @default.
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• W4307103693 title "Guest Editor's Introduction" @default.
• W4307103693 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2022.0045" @default.
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