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• W4307127199 abstract "Reviewed by: The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World by Elena A. Schneider Tamara Walker Elena A. Schneider, The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2018). Pp. 360; 14 color plates, 25 halftones, 8 maps. $39.95 cloth, $29.95 paper, $19.95 e-book. Elena A. Schneider's The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World, is a beautifully written and thoroughly engrossing account that looks not just at the 1762 siege and subsequent occupation of Havana but also at the conditions that gave rise to those events and those that followed in their wake. The text is thus divided into three parts—Origins, Events, and Aftermaths—and moves back and forth between Havana and nearby Caribbean islands, attending also to Britain and Spain. This approach allows Schneider to detail how, particularly during the early eighteenth century when various Spanish possessions (including Peru, Panama, and Spanish Florida) held tremendous allure to Spain's imperial rivals (owing, variously, to their vast natural resources, geographic positioning, and the size of their enslaved populations), Havana continually stood out as one of the most alluring Spanish possessions of them all. Its appeal lay in both its promises and its perils: beyond its abundant hardwoods that could be harvested for use in Jamaican sugar-boiling houses, Havana was a center of Spanish military might and an ideal base for Spanish attacks and counterattacks on British colonies, including nearby Jamaica and the Bahamas as well as the more distant Georgia and the Carolinas. There was good reason to be fearful, as such a thing had already happened to South Carolina during the War of the Spanish Succession, thanks to a Franco-Spanish alliance, as well as to Georgia in 1742 (50). Schneider carefully details how, rather than an isolated event or one that could be attributed to the specific context of the Seven Years' War (1754–1963), the siege of Havana had deep and expansive roots. It was a quest, as she puts it, at least sixty years in the making (62). Still, long-prepared for as it was, the fall of Havana would not be easy to accomplish given Havana's impressive fortification systems and ground troops that had long managed to keep incursions at bay. Seen from this bird's-eye view, the imperial dynamics—in which an immensely attractive target to the British was [End Page 152] also a formidable and menacing foil—had the makings of a stirring account all on their own. Indeed, as Schneider notes, there has been a rich scholarly tradition devoted to that very account (7). But what makes The Occupation of Havana so essential, and what Schneider does so elegantly, is bring the macro-level story about imperial power-plays down to earth, to examine its micro-level, human dimensions. The book opens with the life sketch of an African-descent woman named María del Carmen, who was born into slavery in Jamaica, sold away from her family to Havana, and had just managed to purchase her freedom there on the eve of the British siege. Here was a woman whose life was already profoundly and devastatingly shaped by slave-trading connections between two different empires, and who now found herself at another personal crossroads during this moment of trans-imperial conflict. Would María del Carmen be able to preserve the freedom that she obtained under Spanish rule, given that the British did not allow enslaved people to purchase their freedom? The answer proved in her case to be yes, although, as Schneider explains, sources do not indicate how María del Carmen was not only able to preserve her freedom and survive the violent siege but also to make her way back to the island of her birth a year after the occupation, with a letter of freedom in her possession and the local contacts necessary to attest to its validity. The gaps in her story notwithstanding, María del Carmen provides Schneider with compelling example of the human side of the trans-imperial connections and conflicts at the center of the..." @default.
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• W4307127199 title "The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World by Elena A. Schneider" @default.
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