Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W4307336318> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W4307336318 abstract "Abstract Tumours utilise tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites to promote their growth and evade host defences. They recruit Trp through up-regulation of Trp transporters, and up-regulate key enzymes of Trp degradation and down-regulate others. Thus, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, N′-formylkynurenine formamidase (FAMID) and Kyn aminotransferase 1 (KAT1) are all up-regulated in many cancer types, whereas Kyn monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase (KYNU), 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) are up-regulated in a few, but down-regulated in many, cancers. This results in accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand kynurenic acid and in depriving the host of NAD+ by blocking its synthesis from quinolinic acid. The host loses more NAD+ by up-regulation of the NAD+-consuming poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the protein acetylaters SIRTs. The nicotinamide arising from PARP and SIRT activation can be recycled in tumours to NAD+ by the up-regulated key enzymes of the salvage pathway. Up-regulation of the Trp transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 is associated mostly with that of TDO2 = FAMID > KAT1 > IDO2 > IDO1. Tumours down-regulate enzymes of serotonin synthesis, thereby removing competition for Trp from the serotonin pathway. Strategies for combating tumoral immune escape could involve inhibition of Trp transport into tumours, inhibition of TDO and IDOs, inhibition of FAMID, inhibition of KAT and KYNU, inhibition of NMPRT and NMNAT, inhibition of the AhR, IL-4I1, PARPs and SIRTs, and by decreasing plasma free Trp availability to tumours by albumin infusion or antilipolytic agents and inhibition of glucocorticoid induction of TDO by glucocorticoid antagonism." @default.
- W4307336318 created "2022-10-31" @default.
- W4307336318 creator A5019669783 @default.
- W4307336318 date "2022-11-01" @default.
- W4307336318 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4307336318 title "Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy" @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1551348338 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1565330140 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1572141645 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1665140791 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1848720997 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W184980440 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1853989628 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1894313676 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1902380157 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1923106097 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1948485883 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W195010351 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1965921805 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1967460224 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1970226337 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1972526828 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1973543449 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1978024943 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1989044153 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1990190802 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1990395010 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1992820454 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1992913613 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1996395636 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1997608252 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1998026549 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W1998142996 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2002775741 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2003557993 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2003748141 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2004607162 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2007026131 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2014621333 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2017171454 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2021864381 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2022461628 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2038213812 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2040456819 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2044216294 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2045565650 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2046097464 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2046795663 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2047110790 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2053124968 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2061247612 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2061298493 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2066445380 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2066696364 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2071051441 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2072078248 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2074339905 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2074475018 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2083524989 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2088505841 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2092488984 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2092510288 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2097615954 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2098014021 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2099250511 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2100626569 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2101187445 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2103553504 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2105318331 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2105490346 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2106974808 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2109882948 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2112161820 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2113108127 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2119828139 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2121622229 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2123999563 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2139027624 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2140999174 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2141625866 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2145635845 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2151213561 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2151814131 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2152782043 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2162871918 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2167897482 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2171429997 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2178537302 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2211215064 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2222955160 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2245756097 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2282894338 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2289501366 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2340366736 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2343317132 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2345893567 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2467541392 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2490410360 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2515035218 @default.
- W4307336318 cites W2521819798 @default.