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• W4308036161 abstract "Numerical simulations have been performed for a coaxial, twin-fluid nozzle to study the influence of the angle α between the central liquid jet and the annular airflow on the primary atomization process. A glycerol/water mixture with a high dynamic viscosity of 200 mPas is used and the gas-to-liquid ratio is 0.6. The simulations show good agreement with experiments for the breakup morphology. The liquid jet breaks up quickly and its core length L C decreases with α from 0° to 30°, which is attributable to a reinforced aerodynamic interaction. The flow velocity of the gas phase close to the liquid jet increases with α in this case, which is confirmed by corresponding PIV measurements. This is due to the formation of a high pressure zone at the base of the liquid jet, which results in a favorable pressure gradient in the bulk flow direction. However, further increase of α from 30° to 60° leads to a decreased gas flow velocity along the liquid jet and an increase of L C . The same behavior has been found for the integral specific kinetic energy k L in the liquid phase, which represents a measure for the momentum transfer between the gas and liquid phases. k L increases from α = 0 ∘ to 30° and it decreases again with higher α . Moreover, k L yields a similar distribution compared with the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) of a typical turbulent flow in the spectral domain. This is attributed to the local concentration of TKE of the liquid phase in a small region around the tip of the liquid jet. The results reveal that, in addition to the common dimensionless operating parameters, the flow direction has an essential impact on the atomization process. According to the current work, the best atomization performance is achieved at an angle of α = 3 0 ∘ . The spectral correlation of k L with TKE of the gas flow may be used to assess the dynamics of the liquid phase. • Highly-resolved numerical simulations of coaxial, air-assisted primary atomization. • Gas velocity increases with air-to-liquid inclination angle α up to 30°and it decreases again with further increased α . • The same behavior is found for the liquid phase kinetic energy, and vice versa for the liquid jet breakup length. • An optimal air-to-liquid injection angle is shown to be in the range of 30° < α < 45°for best atomization performance. • A strong spectral correlation between turbulent kinetic energies in liquid and gas phases has been confirmed." @default.
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• W4308036161 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4308036161 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4308036161 title "Numerical simulations of air-assisted primary atomization at different air-to-liquid injection angles" @default.
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• W4308036161 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2022.104304" @default.
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