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- W4308152655 endingPage "108915" @default.
- W4308152655 startingPage "108915" @default.
- W4308152655 abstract "The presence of Hg and the high consumption of fluorescent lamps (FL) have increased environmental concerns. However, other toxic and potentially toxic elements, like rare earth elements (REE), are neglected in FL. The problems FL cause are currently less in focus since they are being replaced with light emitter diodes (LED). However, replacement is lagging mainly in developing countries, which are usually more affected by electronic wastes. Therefore, it can take many years for FL to be completely phased-out and no longer be a matter of environmental concern. It is essential to keep the FL issue under our attention, considering current consumption and disposal scenarios and the lamps' composition, as demonstrated through life cycle assessment (LCA) works. This revision summarizes the information available in the literature, focusing on 2010–2020, on the current scenario of FL regarding its replacement, LCA, contamination risks, disposal, and recycling, highlighting the areas that still require attention. The Hg in lamps can reach the order of mg per lamp. However, Cd, As, Pb, and other potentially toxic metals are also found in FL. In fact, REE have high concentrations in FL, representing more than 23 % of the phosphor, and these emergent contaminants are unregulated and have poorly understood environmental effects. Recycling of FL is often low or even inexistent among countries. However, authors have proposed efficient methods for recovering metals (>90 % efficiency) and using end-of-life FL in manufacturing new materials. This might be a silver lining to the critical contamination problem arising from FL." @default.
- W4308152655 created "2022-11-08" @default.
- W4308152655 creator A5000409756 @default.
- W4308152655 creator A5041556210 @default.
- W4308152655 creator A5043720417 @default.
- W4308152655 creator A5046398576 @default.
- W4308152655 creator A5062152054 @default.
- W4308152655 date "2022-12-01" @default.
- W4308152655 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4308152655 title "Fluorescent lamps: A review on environmental concerns and current recycling perspectives highlighting Hg and rare earth elements" @default.
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