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- W4308197202 abstract "In this chapter, Gary Clark discusses the evolutionary ideas of Erich Fromm. He argues that Fromm’s theories provide a unique means of reconciling the concepts of cultural specificity and universalism that seem to divide scholars in the humanities and the biological sciences. Adopting the Hegelian concept of a second nature associated with human consciousness evolving out of a more primitive first nature, Fromm argued that human cultures develop unique forms of character structure while also giving expression to universal aspects of human experience in various religious traditions. Fromm associates this universal substrate of experience with the emotionally rich dimensions of dream life. Clark analyzes this aspect of his theory in terms of contemporary cognitive and evolutionary neuroscience. More specifically, he develops the notion that theory of mind, metacognition, and the human ego complex, which are associated with our unique secondary process brain systems, evolved out of more ancient affect-based primary process systems. He uses this approach to analyze Fromm’s ideas, emphasizing the need for humanity to integrate our ancient primary process systems with the more recently evolved secondary process systems associated with the human ego complex – an approach that has significant affinity with Jung’s concept of individuation. In applying this analysis not only to individual therapy but also the future growth and historical development of human consciousness, Clark develops a model that offers a means of integrating our modern rationalist mindset with the archaic ground of being associated with primary process brain systems. This approach is also discussed in the context of postmodern, feminist, ecological, and postcolonial critiques of Western humanism and the rationalist epistemologies and ontologies of modern science. Following Fromm, he argues we should not abandon Enlightenment rationalism, and the scientific project, but seek to integrate our modern empirical-based scientific mindset with the deeper primary process brain systems from which modern humans have become inordinately dissociated." @default.
- W4308197202 created "2022-11-09" @default.
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- W4308197202 date "2022-11-04" @default.
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- W4308197202 title "The Evolutionary Anthropology of Erich Fromm" @default.
- W4308197202 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003215301-8" @default.
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