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• W4308376688 abstract "<h3>Background</h3> Genetic engineering of T-cells to target tumors through the expression of synthetic chimeric antigen receptors, or CARs, has led to a breakthrough in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell leukemia. However, despite impressive initial clinical performance, 30-50% of patients eventually relapse, with the emergence of tumor cells expressing the targeted antigen at a level that is insufficient to induce CAR T responsiveness. We and others have shown that the hinge domain of CARs is critical in altering cytotoxic responsiveness of the CAR.^1,2 Thus, we evaluated whether optimal hinge length could be evaluated for a given scFv<i> in-silico</i>, given the epitope location, thereby accelerating optimal CAR design. <h3>Methods</h3> Golden gate assembly was utilized to generate anti-CD19 (FMC63) and anti-CD22 (M971) CAR constructs. The lengths of the CD28 and CD8-alpha hinge domains were varied while intracellular 4-1BB and TCR-zeta signaling sequences remained constant. CAR structures were modeled with AlphaFold and intermembrane lengths modeled using Xplor-NIH. CAR function was evaluated by ex vivo cytotoxicity assays (Incucyte) against NALM6 cells engineered to express calibrated numbers of CD19 and CD22 molecules. <h3>Results</h3> Through truncations and extensions of the CD28 and CD8-alpha hinge domains, we show that optimal hinge lengths for targeting CD19 and CD22 through their respective FMC63 and M971 scFvs are distinct and depend on the epitope location. Specifically, short and long hinges enhance cytotoxicity against membrane-distal epitope and membrane-proximal epitopes, respectively. Using Xplor-NIH and Alphafold (figure 1A-1B), we were able to model hinge dynamics. As signaling of the TCR by MHC-presented peptide antigen (pMHC) is tightly regulated by the dimensions of the TCR-pMHC interaction, with an optimal intermembrane distance of 15nm,³ we assessed whether this distance would confer enhanced function to CAR T-cells following ligand encounter. Importantly, CAR constructs providing a predicted intermembrane CAR-ligand distance of 15nm exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against antigen-low leukemic cells (figure 1C-1D). <h3>Conclusions</h3> CAR responsiveness against a specific epitope can be modeled as a function of intermembrane distance, allowing a rapid optimization of CAR constructs by adjusting hinge length. The modeling presented here, based on epitope location and target protein dynamics, can be utilized to rapidly design CARs with optimized cytotoxic potential against a wide range of novel targets. <h3>References</h3> Majzner, R. G., Rietberg, S. P., Sotillo, E., Dong, R., Vachharajani, V. T., Labanieh, L., Myklebust, J. H., Kadapakkam, M., Weber, E. W., Tousley, A. M., Richards, R. M., Heitzeneder, S., Nguyen, S. M., Wiebking, V., Theruvath, J., Lynn, R. C., Xu, P., Dunn, A. R., Vale, R. D., & Mackall, C. L. Tuning the Antigen Density Requirement for CAR T-cell Activity. <i>Cancer Discov</i>. 2020; 10: 702–723. Chen, X., Mirazee, J. M., Skorupka, K. A., Matsuo, H., Youkharibache, P., Taylor, N., & Walters, K. J. The CD8α hinge is intrinsically disordered with a dynamic exchange that includes proline cis-trans isomerization. J. Magn. Reson. 2022; 340: 107234. Choudhuri, K., Wiseman, D., Brown, M. H., Gould, K., & van der Merwe, P. A. T-cell receptor triggering is critically dependent on the dimensions of its peptide-MHC ligand. <i>Nature</i>. 2005; 436: 578–582." @default.
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• W4308376688 date "2022-11-01" @default.
• W4308376688 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W4308376688 title "401 Hinge length: A novel method of predicting cytotoxicity of CAR constructs against antigen-low leukemia" @default.
• W4308376688 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.0401" @default.
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