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• W4308395722 abstract "<h3>Background</h3> Natural killer (NK) cell effector function is suppressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the lethal form of prostate cancer. This is largely due to the inherently ‘cold’ nature of the TME of mCRPC that is immunosuppressive, hypoxic and lacks cytolytic lymphocyte infiltration. To improve NK cell anti-tumor responses against mCRPC in the TME, we designed a novel tri-specific killer engager (TriKE®) molecule that consists of three parts: an arm that engages with CD16, an activating receptor of NK cells, an arm that binds to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that is highly and specifically expressed on mCRPC, and an interleukin (IL)-15 moiety that is essential for NK cell survival, proliferation, priming and motility (figure 1). <h3>Methods</h3> Flow cytometry-based functional and dye dilution proliferation assays were used to compare activation and proliferation of NK cells treated with PSMA TriKE or IL-15. NK cell cytolytic capacity against C4-2, a PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cell line, was measured using IncuCyte live cell imaging. In various assays, hypoxic (1% oxygen) culture condition and cytokine-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were incorporated to better examine PSMA TriKE function in the physiological setting of mCRPC. <h3>Results</h3> PSMA TriKE significantly enhanced expansion of peripheral blood NK cells derived from healthy donors up to 10 folds (N=9). This effect was specific to NK cells and not T cells. Additionally, PSMA TriKE induced NK cell degranulation (up to 60%) and intracellular IFNγ and TNFα buildup (up to 50%) when compared to IL-15 and no treatment groups after incubation with C4-2 (N=6). This result was not observed when PSMA knockout C4-2 were used as target cells. NK cell incubation in hypoxia for 7 days severely impacts cytotoxicity, some of which can be improved with IL-15. However, PSMA TriKE treatment markedly improved NK cell cytolytic capacity against C4-2 in hypoxia (N=5) (figure 2). Similarly, MDSCs suppressed NK cell degranulation in the presence of IL-15 alone but not with PSMA-TriKE treatment (N=4) (figure 3). <h3>Conclusions</h3> PSMA-TriKE induces specific NK cell proliferation and activation against PSMA+ tumor cells. Efficient delivery of IL-15 to NK cells by PSMA-TriKE robustly relieves NK cells from suppression induced by hypoxia and MDSCs. These results demonstrate promising potential of PSMA TriKE in overcoming suppression of NK cells in the TME of mCRPC. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was funded by the Department of Defense (DoD). Figure 1 was made using Biorender.com." @default.
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• W4308395722 date "2022-11-01" @default.
• W4308395722 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4308395722 title "1204 Enhancing NK cell function in the ‘cold’ tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer with a novel tri-specific Killer Engager against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)" @default.
• W4308395722 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.1204" @default.
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