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• W4308449910 abstract "Reviewed by: Far-Right Vanguard: The Radical Roots of Modern Conservatism by John S. Huntington Katherine Rye Jewell Far-Right Vanguard: The Radical Roots of Modern Conservatism. By John S. Huntington. Politics and Culture in Modern America. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. Pp. [viii], 300. $36.50, ISBN 978-0-8122-5347-4.) Historians of conservatism warn of teleological narratives in which all roads lead to Ronald Reagan. Perhaps this warning is now also applicable to Donald Trump. This book does not commit such simplistic argumentation. Instead, it reveals specific organizations, actors, and ideas injecting a far-right worldview into mainstream politics. John S. Huntington finds that the conspiracy theories, nativism, white supremacist rhetoric, and radical libertarianism that have flourished among ultraconservatives since the New Deal metastasized slowly over the course of sixty years until they consumed the Republican Party (p. 2). The 2016 election of Donald Trump emerges as a product, rather than a cause, of conspiratorial undercurrents. These ideas and strategies were conversant with a conservative tide rising in the mid-twentieth century, despite organizational and strategic differences. Huntington dismisses conservative attempts to distance Trump from the modern movement. Instead, he argues, the kooks of the ultraright were ever-present and only needed a champion (p. 3). Huntington's unearthing of the sordid and kooky, virulent and violent corners of far-right thought contributes to the history of conservatism—and by extension U.S. politics—by emphasizing that political ideologies are a spectrum of interests, organizations, issues, regional coalitions, and impulses that never fit neatly into clearly demarcated partisan camps. Nonetheless, Huntington demonstrates that rather than merely reconstituting southern white supremacist holdovers, a national network of individuals, third parties, organizations, grassroots campaigns, and information sharing efforts constructed the strategies and ideologies that would reshape the Republican Party. There were internal ideological or strategic disagreements, but the syncretism of worldviews that cohered around anticommunism and animosity to both New Deal and Cold War variants of liberalism, given oxygen by white supremacy and conspiracist thinking, wrought considerable changes to the national party system. In the minds of anti–New Deal insurgents, liberalism became a slippery slope to communism (p. 5). In response, ultraconservative and far-right [End Page 796] leaders fashioned themselves, their organizations, and their movement as defenders of the Constitution and Americanism. Antistatism offered a deeply held belief and a cynical political strategy (p. 5). Sparked by fear and conspiracist thinking, far-right ideas spread through organizations and their constituents, from anti-integration to libertarian groups. These offered organizational channels to spread messages and conspiracist rhetoric. Rather than rendering a pernicious miasma within certain political circles, Huntington diligently reconstructs these networks and their propaganda and activism, revealing the organizational connections across conservative circles at the grassroots and upper levels of politically oriented organizations despite their regional variations and individual bêtes noir. Conservative power brokers constructed a national constituency that built power within the Republican Party, even as some southerners into the 1960s held out to retake the Democratic Party, contributing to strategic divisions. Often dismissed as the crackpot fringe of respectable, serious conservatism, individuals and organizations––from the Jeffersonian Democrats to Billy Hargis's Christian Crusade, as well as numerous legislative or issue-based insurgencies––formed a loose but linked constellation of ideologies and strategies. From the 1920s and 1930s when ultraconservatives were divided by party and region, Huntington traces ultraconservatives' clash with the wartime leviathan and their flirtation with fascists, their anticommunist campaigns and antipathy to modern Republicanism, and the growing coherence of networks, moving toward a strategy to influence the Republican Party and find a champion. In 1964 Barry Goldwater emerged as that candidate. George C. Wallace's 1968 candidacy prompted an identity crisis for the conservative movement, as its architects focused on winnowing out the far right and its damaging effects (p. 198). Critics rejected organizations such as the John Birch Society, which was known for its conspiratorial ravings. Yet in Huntington's capable retelling, filled with perplexing figures, fringe extremists nonetheless captured mainstream power. As such, he offers a key link in explaining U.S. political transformations since the New Deal that is necessary reading for scholars and concerned citizens alike. Katherine..." @default.
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• W4308449910 title "Far-Right Vanguard: The Radical Roots of Modern Conservatism by John S. Huntington" @default.
• W4308449910 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2022.0196" @default.
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