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- W4308791681 abstract "Viruses are an integral part of ecosystems, interacting and coevolving with their hosts in ways that include predations, niche cooperations and niche competitions. This chapter discusses the possible role of viruses in eukaryogenesis. It also mentions coregulation between virus and host, gene transfer from virus to host, and gene transfer from host to virus. Three historically significant discoveries of viruses affecting eukaryotes are mentioned, those are Tobacco mosaic virus in Crimea during 1890, H1N1 influenza virus in the United States during 1918, and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in China during 2019. The chalk cliffs of Dover are a geological consequence of viral predation upon eukaryotic phytoplankton. Viral infections of plants can cause phenotypic changes that include drought tolerance. Viral infections can cause phenotypic changes of fungi that include hypervirulence, hypovirulence, and thermotolerance. Viral infections of insects can phenotypically alter climbing behavior, change the presence and function of wings, and alter insect aggressiveness. Many parasitoid wasps depend upon a niche cooperation by using their endogenous viruses to suppress the immune response of caterpillars into which the wasps inject their eggs. There also are niche competitions between different groups of microbes and viruses, including the fact that infection of Aedes aegypti mosquitos by the bacteria Wolbachia pipientis reduces the replication of Dengue virus in the mosquitos and thus reduces the endemicity of dengue infections in human populations. Placental mammals as well as some lizards rely upon activating envelope genes of their endogenous Retroviridae in a coregulation that initiates development of a placenta." @default.
- W4308791681 created "2022-11-15" @default.
- W4308791681 creator A5079568498 @default.
- W4308791681 date "2022-11-11" @default.
- W4308791681 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4308791681 title "The Ecosystem Role of Viruses Affecting Eukaryotes" @default.
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- W4308791681 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119678304.ch9" @default.
- W4308791681 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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