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- W4309162882 abstract "Summary Memory B cells (MBCs) are an essential part of our immunological memory. They respond fast upon re-encountering pathogens and can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete protective antibodies. The focus of this review is on MBCs that lack, or express low levels of, CD21, hereafter referred to as CD21–/low. These cells are expanded in peripheral blood with age and during chronic inflammatory conditions such as viral infections, malaria, common variable immunodeficiency, and autoimmune diseases. CD21–/low MBCs have gained significant attention; they produce disease-specific antibodies/autoantibodies and associate with key disease manifestations in some conditions. These cells can be divided into subsets based on classical B-cell and other markers, e.g. CD11c, FcRL4, and Tbet which, over the years, have become hallmarks to identify these cells. This has resulted in different names including age-associated, autoimmune-associated, atypical, tissue-like, tissue-resident, tissue-restricted, exhausted, or simply CD21–/low B cells. It is however unclear whether the expanded ‘CD21–/low’ cells in one condition are equivalent to those in another, whether they express an identical gene signature and whether they have a similar function. Here, we will discuss these issues with the goal to understand whether the CD21–/low B cells are comparable in different conditions." @default.
- W4309162882 created "2022-11-24" @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5039210067 @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5042372370 @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5046931622 @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5053380769 @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5073502410 @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5081953365 @default.
- W4309162882 creator A5090931547 @default.
- W4309162882 date "2022-11-16" @default.
- W4309162882 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4309162882 title "A close-up on the expanding landscape of CD21–/low B cells in humans" @default.
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