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• W4309694673 endingPage "739081" @default.
• W4309694673 startingPage "739081" @default.
• W4309694673 abstract "Zinc is an essential trace metal used extensively as a dietary supplement in the cultivation of aquatic organisms. This practice can expose species such as rotifers, which are essential live food sources for rearing larvae in aquaculture, to zinc overexposure, which can inhibit rotifer reproduction. However, rotifers with distinct ecological features may respond differently to exposure. This study investigates the tolerance, reproduction, behavior, and mitochondria-mediated stress and energy defenses of two species of rotifers, the temperate and relatively large Brachionus plicatilis and the tropical and smaller Brachionus rotundiformis, following acute exposure (0–72 mg/L) and seven days of chronic exposure (0–2 mg/L) to zinc chloride. The 24 h and 48 h median lethal concentrations of ZnCl2 for B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis were 29.9 and 9.0 mg/L and 13.3 and 3.6 mg/L, respectively. Long-term exposure to ZnCl2 at concentrations of 0.0125–0.1 mg/L had no adverse effects on survival and fecundity in either species. However, higher levels of ZnCl2 induced different reproductive phenomena, particularly in sexual reproduction. In B. plicatilis, ZnCl2 at concentrations ≥1 mg/L accelerated maturation, shortened life expectancy, and inhibited mixis induction and resting egg production, while similar ZnCl2 treatments stimulated sexual reproduction in B. rotundiformis. Subsequently, we detected different metabolic patterns between the two rotifers: decreased lipid storage and sperm viability and overcompensated antioxidant reactions (e.g., copper‑zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase) with significantly low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in B. plicatilis and enhanced copper‑zinc superoxide dismutase activity, ATP generation, and sperm viability in B. rotundiformis. In behavioral tests, ZnCl2 exposure enhanced the swimming speeds of males and females of both species, potentially affecting the energy available for reproduction and male-female encounter rates. In conclusion, chronic exposure to ZnCl2 (≥1 mg/L) caused reductive stress with low ROS levels in B. plicatilis, possibly inhibiting sexual reproduction. However, the positive effects on reproduction in tropical B. rotundiformis revealed a potential requirement for nutritional zinc. Species-specific reproductive sensitivity to zinc in temperate and tropical rotifers may reflect ecological adaptations." @default.
• W4309694673 created "2022-11-29" @default.
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• W4309694673 date "2023-02-01" @default.
• W4309694673 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4309694673 title "Differential modes of response to zinc chloride in the marine rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus rotundiformis: Reproductive flexibility and stress-defensive activity" @default.
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• W4309694673 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739081" @default.
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