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- W4310170169 endingPage "100503" @default.
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- W4310170169 abstract "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental disorder with high morbidity and great social and economic relevance. However, extant pharmacotherapies of PTSD require long-term use to maintain effectiveness and have enormous side effects. The glutamatergic system, especially the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), is an important target of current research on the mechanism of PTSD. Postsynaptic AMPAR function and expression are known to be increased by (2R, 6R)-hydronorketamine (HNK), the primary metabolite of ketamine. However, whether (2R,6R)-HNK alleviates PTSD-like effects via AMPAR upregulation is yet to be known. In the present study, rats were exposed to single prolonged stress and electric foot shock (SPS&S). Afterwards, gradient concentrations of (2R,6R)-HNK (20, 50, and 100 μM) were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. Open field, elevated plus maze, freezing behavior, and forced swimming tests were used to examine PTSD-like symptoms. In addition, the protein levels of GluA1, BDNF and PSD-95 were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the synaptic ultrastructure of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that (2R,6R)-HNK changed SPS&S-induced behavioral expression, such as increasing autonomous activity and residence time in the open arm and decreasing immobility time. Likewise, (2R,6R)-HNK (50 μM) increased GluA1, BDNF, and PSD-95 protein expression in the PFC. Changes in synaptic ultrastructure induced by SPS&S were reversed by administration of (2R,6R)-HNK. Overall, we find that (2R,6R)-HNK can ameliorate SPS&S-induced fear avoidance in rats, as well as rat cognates of anxiety and depression. This may be related to GluA1-mediated synaptic plasticity in the PFC." @default.
- W4310170169 created "2022-11-30" @default.
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- W4310170169 date "2022-11-01" @default.
- W4310170169 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4310170169 title "(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine acts through GluA1-induced synaptic plasticity to alleviate PTSD-like effects in rat models" @default.
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- W4310170169 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100503" @default.
- W4310170169 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36532380" @default.
- W4310170169 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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