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• W4310588864 abstract "Dear Editor, Intravenous cannulation is a common painful event for a hospitalized child.[1] The elimination of pain and suffering in hospitalized children by using distraction techniques is an important responsibility of the health care workers. In an open-labeled randomized controlled trial, we assessed and compared the effect of a squeezing ball and verbal re-assurance on pain reduction during the insertion of an intravenous cannula among 30 children aged 4–12 years, posted for ophthalmic surgeries. A total of 39 children were assessed for eligibility, of which six children were dropped at the time of enrolment and three during the intervention [Consort diagram, Fig. 1]. The children with chronic illness, sensory/musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders or those requiring repeated cannulation or not willing to participate were excluded. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee and registered with the CTRI. Sample size calculation was performed on the basis of an available study and the mean pain scores obtained in the pilot study performed on five children, (experimental group, 5.2 ± 1.05; control group, 6.8 ± 1.75).[2] With a two-sided 5% level of significance and a power of 80%, a sample size of 13 subjects per group was necessary. Anticipating a dropout rate of 10%, the decided minimum sample size was 15 subjects per group. The written informed consent from all the parents and assent from the children aged more than 7 years were obtained. Confidentiality of information and anonymity of the subjects were maintained during the study. The children were enrolled and randomized to the experimental (EG) or control group (CG) using a computer-generated table and an opaque sealed envelope technique. During the intervention, the child was made to sit comfortably for 5 minutes before the cannulation procedure in both the groups. In the EG, the child was provided with a squeezing ball, 10 minutes before the insertion of the intravenous cannula, and encouraged to repeat squeezing the toy 10–15 times on the hand, used for cannulation and continued till the completion of the procedure, while in the CG, verbal re-assurance was provided to the child for having minimal pain. The cannulation was performed using a strict aseptic technique by the resident posted in the unit. Any child with one failed attempt was considered as a dropout. At the end of the cannulation, the pain of the child was assessed using a standardized Wong-Baker, a visual analog face rating pain scale,[3] with the score ranging from 0 to 10 (no pain to hurts worst). Participants’ demographic and baseline clinical characteristics in both groups were comparable (p > 0.05). The mean pain scores of children in the experimental group were statistically lower than those of the control group (EG, 4.93 ± 1.83 vs. CG, 7.47 ± 2.33, P = 0.003). The findings of the present study are in congruence with the research pieces of evidence, supporting that distraction is a very useful and cost-effective technique in reducing the pain resulting from cannulation.[45] Squeezing toy intervention as a distraction technique can be used during routine intravenous cannulation procedures among children posted for ophthalmic surgeries.Figure 1: Consort flow diagramFinancial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest." @default.
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• W4310588864 date "2022-11-30" @default.
• W4310588864 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4310588864 title "Intravenous cannulation in a play-way manner in children admitted for ophthalmic surgeries: A randomized controlled trial" @default.
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• W4310588864 doi "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_964_22" @default.
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