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• W4311193167 endingPage "000361" @default.
• W4311193167 startingPage "PHARMREV" @default.
• W4311193167 abstract "Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the most commonly cited examples being the telescoping effect where women meet criteria and/or seek treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) after fewer years of drug use as compared to men. This phenomenon has been reported for multiple drug classes including opioids, psychostimulants, alcohol, and cannabis, as well as non-pharmacological addictions, such as gambling. However, there are some inconsistent reports that show either no difference between men and women or opposite effects and a faster course to addiction in men than women. Thus, the goals of this review are to evaluate evidence for and against the telescoping effect in women and to determine the conditions/populations for which the telescoping effect is most relevant. We also discuss evidence from preclinical studies which strongly support the validity of the telescoping effect and show that female animals develop addiction-like features (e.g., compulsive drug use, an enhanced motivation for the drug and, enhanced drug-craving/vulnerability to relapse) more readily than male animals. We also discuss biological factors that may contribute to the telescoping effect, such as ovarian hormones, and its neurobiological basis focusing on the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway and the corticomesolimbic glutamatergic pathway considering the critical roles these pathways play in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of addictive drugs and SUD. We conclude with future research directions, including intervention strategies to prevent the development of SUD in women. <b>Significance Statement</b> One of the most widely cited gender/sex differences in substance use disorder (SUD) is “the telescoping effect” which reflects an accelerated course in women versus men for the development and/or seeking treatment for SUD. This review evaluates evidence for and against a telescoping effect drawing upon data from both clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss the contribution of biological factors and underlying neurobiological mechanisms and highlight potential targets to prevent the development of SUD in women." @default.
• W4311193167 created "2022-12-24" @default.
• W4311193167 creator A5032386973 @default.
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• W4311193167 creator A5049810386 @default.
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• W4311193167 creator A5081225628 @default.
• W4311193167 date "2022-12-12" @default.
• W4311193167 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W4311193167 title "<b><b>Sex/Gender Differences in The Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder:</b><b>A Focus on the Telescoping Effect</b></b>" @default.
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