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- W4311459802 abstract "This study will demonstrate the conversion of stearic acid to methyl stearate (biodiesel) using for the first time crosslinked amidoximated polyacrylonitrile ion-exchanged mesh protonated by sulphuric acid. Quantitative analysis of conversion was by GC-FID, 1H NMR and ATR-FT-IR with GC-FID the most reliable. A molar ratio of methanol to stearic acid of 35.5: 1 gave 94 % conversion to the ester at 90 °C. At 65 °C and a greater ratio of 87.1:1 conversion was 94.1 % comparable to the 98 % yield obtained with 1wt% H2SO4. Re-use at 65 °C gently dropped to 57 % on the 13th cycle. Regeneration by washing with dichloromethane and re-acidification achieved 84 % conversion but quickly deactivated due to blocking of sites by methyl stearate as shown by ATR-FTIR. This protonated amidoxime PAN catalyst (distinct from sulfonated fibres) exhibited higher stability than other heterogeneous protonated catalysts (ion-exchange resins, zeolites, clays) used lower temperatures and shorter reaction times. Advantages of using a mesh in place of powders are its ease of removal/replacement for continuous flow reactors promoting quick changes in process parameters. This study is promising as providing a sustainable protonated catalyst for use in converting Fats, Oils and Greases (FOG’s) in waste oils and wastewater to biodiesel." @default.
- W4311459802 created "2022-12-26" @default.
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- W4311459802 date "2023-03-01" @default.
- W4311459802 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4311459802 title "Esterification of stearic acid using novel protonated and crosslinked amidoximated polyacrylonitrile ion exchange fibres" @default.
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- W4311459802 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.001" @default.
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