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- W4311467884 abstract "Extract One of the fundamental elements of Twelver Shīʿī identity is the belief in pure theocracy. In the Shīʿī belief system, a legitimate and ideal political structure is one in which political and religious leadership is granted to one person in an integrated whole, and that person’s right to rule has been bestowed not by the people but by God. However, only in the first century of Islam, and only twice, was this essential component of Shīʿī theology substantiated. Imām ʿAlī, the first Shīʿī Imām, served as caliph in 35–40/655–661, and after he died, his eldest son, Imām Ḥasan, claimed the right to govern the caliphate. However, due to the stronger position of another claimant to the position, Muʿāwiyah I, Imām Ḥasan withdrew his claim after just seven months and signed an agreement handing the leadership over to Muʿāwiyah. From 40/661 to 1979, that is, for more than thirteen hundred years, no Shīʿī religious leader served at the head of a government until marjaʿ-i taqlīd Ayatollah Khomeini took control of the Iranian government in the name of walī-yi faqīh after the establishment of the Islamic Republic. From these facts, two specific questions arise. Given that belief in the rightful place of a religious leader at the head of government is an essential part of Shīʿī theology, why was it that the Shīʿa were unable or unwilling to put this conviction into practice for a period of more than thirteen centuries? What happened to make Khomeini both able and willing to do so after such a long interval? The present book has been written in an attempt to answer these two questions. In response to the first question, it was argued that during the formative period of Shīʿism, a proviso was added to the Shīʿī belief in theocracy, and this proviso acted as a religious injunction against Shīʿī leaders taking action to realize the Shīʿī politico-religious ideal. Regarding the second question, it was shown that the formation of a faqīh-headed state by a group of clerical Islamists in the last decades of the twentieth century cannot be considered the implementation of the promised ideal central to Shīʿī theology. The establishment of the Islamic Republic was a political phenomenon that had little meaningful connection with the Shīʿī theological framework." @default.
- W4311467884 created "2022-12-26" @default.
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- W4311467884 date "2023-02-12" @default.
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- W4311467884 title "Conclusion" @default.
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- W4311467884 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197606797.003.0010" @default.
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