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- W4311705102 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> Microphysical, optical, and environmental properties of contrail cirrus and natural cirrus were investigated by applying a new, statistically based contrailâcirrus separation method to 14.7âh of cirrus cloud measurements (sampling frequency 1âHz, max. <span class=inline-formula>â¼</span>â290âmâs<span class=inline-formula><sup>â1</sup></span>, total length of sampled in-cloud space <span class=inline-formula>â¼</span>â15â000âkm) during the airborne campaign ML-CIRRUS in central Europe and the northeast Atlantic flight corridor in spring 2014. We find that pure contrail cirrus appears frequently at the aircraft cruising altitude (CA) range with ambient pressure varying from 200 to 245âhPa. It exhibits a higher median ice particle number concentration (<span class=inline-formula><i>N</i><sub>ice</sub></span>), a smaller median mass mean radius (<span class=inline-formula><i>R</i><sub>ice</sub></span>), and lower median ice water content (IWC) (median: <span class=inline-formula><i>N</i><sub>ice</sub>=0.045</span>âcm<span class=inline-formula><sup>â3</sup></span>, <span class=inline-formula><i>R</i><sub>ice</sub>=16.6</span>â<span class=inline-formula>µ</span>m, IWCâ<span class=inline-formula>=</span>â3.5âppmv), and it is optically thinner (median extinction coefficient Extâ<span class=inline-formula>=</span>â<span class=inline-formula>â¼</span>â0.056âkm<span class=inline-formula><sup>â1</sup></span>) than the cirrus mixture of contrail cirrus, natural in situ-origin and liquid-origin cirrus found around the CA range (median: <span class=inline-formula><i>N</i><sub>ice</sub>=0.038</span>âcm<span class=inline-formula><sup>â3</sup></span>, <span class=inline-formula><i>R</i><sub>ice</sub>=24.1</span>â<span class=inline-formula>µ</span>m, IWCâ<span class=inline-formula>=</span>â8.3âppmv, Extâ<span class=inline-formula>=</span>â<span class=inline-formula>â¼</span>â0.096âkm<span class=inline-formula><sup>â1</sup></span>). The lowest and thickest cirrus, consisting of a few large ice particles, are identified as pure natural liquid-origin cirrus (median: <span class=inline-formula><i>N</i><sub>ice</sub>=0.018</span>âcm<span class=inline-formula><sup>â3</sup></span>, <span class=inline-formula><i>R</i><sub>ice</sub>=42.4</span>â<span class=inline-formula>µ</span>m, IWCâ<span class=inline-formula>=</span>â21.7âppmv, Extâ<span class=inline-formula>=</span>â<span class=inline-formula>â¼</span>â0.137âkm<span class=inline-formula><sup>â1</sup></span>). Furthermore, we observe that, in particular, contrail cirrus occurs more often in slightly ice-subsaturated instead of merely ice-saturated to supersaturated air as often assumed, thus indicating the possibility of enlarged contrail cirrus existence regions. The enlargement is estimated, based on IAGOS long-term observations of relative humidity with respect to ice (RH<span class=inline-formula><sub>ice</sub></span>) aboard passenger aircraft, to be approximately 10â% for Europe and the North Atlantic region, with the RH<span class=inline-formula><sub>ice</sub></span> threshold for contrail cirrus existence decreased from 100â% to 90â% RH<span class=inline-formula><sub>ice</sub></span> and a 4âh lifetime of contrail cirrus in slight ice subsaturation assumed. This increase may not only lead to a non-negligible change in contrail cirrus coverage and radiative forcing, but also affect the mitigation strategies of reducing contrails by rerouting flights." @default.
- W4311705102 created "2022-12-28" @default.
- W4311705102 creator A5032020402 @default.
- W4311705102 date "2022-12-06" @default.
- W4311705102 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W4311705102 title "Reply on RC2" @default.
- W4311705102 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-632-ac2" @default.
- W4311705102 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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