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- W4311730123 endingPage "15480" @default.
- W4311730123 startingPage "15480" @default.
- W4311730123 abstract "Experimental findings for SARS-CoV-2 related to the glycan biochemistry of coronaviruses indicate that attachments from spike protein to glycoconjugates on the surfaces of red blood cells (RBCs), other blood cells and endothelial cells are key to the infectivity and morbidity of COVID-19. To provide further insight into these glycan attachments and their potential clinical relevance, the classic hemagglutination (HA) assay was applied using spike protein from the Wuhan, Alpha, Delta and Omicron B.1.1.529 lineages of SARS-CoV-2 mixed with human RBCs. The electrostatic potential of the central region of spike protein from these four lineages was studied through molecular modeling simulations. Inhibition of spike protein-induced HA was tested using the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (IVM), which is indicated to bind strongly to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycan sites. The results of these experiments were, first, that spike protein from these four lineages of SARS-CoV-2 induced HA. Omicron induced HA at a significantly lower threshold concentration of spike protein than the three prior lineages and was much more electropositive on its central spike protein region. IVM blocked HA when added to RBCs prior to spike protein and reversed HA when added afterward. These results validate and extend prior findings on the role of glycan bindings of viral spike protein in COVID-19. They furthermore suggest therapeutic options using competitive glycan-binding agents such as IVM and may help elucidate rare serious adverse effects (AEs) associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which use spike protein as the generated antigen." @default.
- W4311730123 created "2022-12-28" @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5020915591 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5021476197 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5023619971 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5044104178 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5047254221 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5056663199 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5058978480 @default.
- W4311730123 creator A5087283593 @default.
- W4311730123 date "2022-12-07" @default.
- W4311730123 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W4311730123 title "SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Hemagglutination: Implications for COVID-19 Morbidities and Therapeutics and for Vaccine Adverse Effects" @default.
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