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• W4312340903 startingPage "1721727X2211436" @default.
• W4312340903 abstract "Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that abolishes cognitive and analytical abilities to perform basic day-to-day tasks. Microglia are involved in AD-associated neuroinflammation in response to amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ). This study focused on observing the immunomodulatory effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-Cis-RA) the active metabolite of vitamin A, on Aβ-treated human microglial HMO6 cells. Methods: HMO6 cells were treated with Aβ42 in the absence or presence of 9-cis-RA, and the expression of M1-and M2-associated molecules, Toll like receptors (TLRs), and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) were examined. Results: The levels of M1-markers [cluster of differentiation (CD86) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] and -cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β], inflammatory receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), and reactive oxygen species increased significantly in Aβ-treated HMO6 cells. In contrast, the levels of M2-markers (CD206 and arginase-1) and -cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 17) the anti-inflammatory receptor TLR10 was significantly suppressed. However, 9-cis-RA treatment reversed the Aβ-induced upregulation of expression of M1-associated molecules and upregulated the expression of M2-associated molecules. Moreover, 9-cis-RA treatment augmented Aβ uptake by HMO6 cells, possibly by increasing the cell surface protein levels of TREM2, which is a receptor of Aβ that promotes Aβ phagocytosis by microglia. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 9-cis-RA is a potential therapeutic agent for AD." @default.
• W4312340903 created "2023-01-04" @default.
• W4312340903 creator A5012689166 @default.
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• W4312340903 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4312340903 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W4312340903 title "Anti-inflammatory effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid on β-amyloid treated human microglial cells" @default.
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• W4312340903 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x221143651" @default.
• W4312340903 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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