FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W4312451142> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W4312451142 endingPage "134" @default.
• W4312451142 startingPage "126" @default.
• W4312451142 abstract "The article analyzes the doctrine of hardship in the contract law of Ukraine, France, Germany, England. The grounds for modify ing or terminating the contract due to a hardship are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the court ’ s powers to modify the contract in connection with a hardship is carried out . In French civil law the doctrine of l’imprévision covers all situations in which a party’s contractual obligations have become harder and more onerous to perform because of an unforeseen event posterior to the conclusion of the contract. The conception of hardship was introduced to Ukrainian Civil Code in 2004 for provide the contractual parties to overcome the negative impact of a change of circumstances that was unforeseeable at the time of the conclusion of the contract and renders performance excessively onerous for one of them . This provision is aimed, on the one hand, to restore the balance of interests in contractual relations and to reduce risks, and on the other hand, to keep the contract, as far as possible, preference given to the adaptation of the contract over its termination. Unfortunately, the case law indicates difficulty in implementing the provision of hardship. In English law doctrine is formed the concept of frustration. The only remedy for frustration in common law is termination of the contract; and termination is permanent – English law does not recognize partial frustration nor temporary frustration. German doctrine of hardship has been conceptualized into three aspects requiring a change of circumstances, the parties would not have concluded the contract if they had been aware of this change, and it would not be equitable for one party to deny the other party any amendment of the contract. German approach has been adopted in many harmonization projects and international instruments of contract law, in particular Principles on European Contract Law, Draft Common Frame of Reference, UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. In French, English and Germany law is established three different approaches to cases of contractual impossibility as an exception to pacta sunt servanda: contractual parties are not discharge unless performance has become impossible; as exception for impossibility to some cases; or as separate exception. The main problem nowadays is the lack of definition of “ significant change of circumstances ” in Ukrainian legislation and case law. Such a rule seems to increase legal uncertainty as the criteria of its implementation are vague and have not yet been firmly and precisely defined by case law. In most cases, the courts do not recognize the change of circumstances referred to by the party as significant. Ukrainian c ivil law doctrine defines “ significant change of circumstances ” as change of circumstances that did not depend on the will of parties and was the result of certain actions from the outside; and contains four features: was unforeseeable at the time of the conclusion of the contract, its duration and inevitability, arise without fault of the parties. The law of many states and international soft law gives courts power to modify or terminate the contract in case of change in circumstances. French Civil Code not contains certain grounds in the event of change in circumstances to modify or terminate the contract. They are the same as in case of contract modification or termination by parties. In contrast, Ukrainian legislator decreases significantly judicial intervention in contractual relations. The power of Ukrainian courts to modify the contract is based on the general principles of contractual freedom, if parties in contractual terms lay down modification the contract in case of change in circumstances that was unforeseeable at the time of the conclusion of the contract renders performance excessively onerous for a party." @default.
• W4312451142 created "2023-01-04" @default.
• W4312451142 creator A5012606228 @default.
• W4312451142 creator A5026243754 @default.
• W4312451142 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4312451142 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W4312451142 title "The doctrine of hardship in contract law: comparative study" @default.
• W4312451142 cites W1563795111 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W1565707552 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W2112880999 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W2139333404 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W2342861120 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W2504553863 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W2563315805 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W3122505162 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W3159707134 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W4236444867 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W4255277496 @default.
• W4312451142 cites W2530732317 @default.
• W4312451142 doi "https://doi.org/10.35774/app2022.02.126" @default.
• W4312451142 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
• W4312451142 type Work @default.
• W4312451142 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W4312451142 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W4312451142 hasAuthorship W4312451142A5012606228 @default.
• W4312451142 hasAuthorship W4312451142A5026243754 @default.
• W4312451142 hasBestOaLocation W43124511421 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C137357255 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C162853370 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C170706310 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C178016937 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C182880085 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C190253527 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C21931767 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C2776211767 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C2777381055 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C2778877846 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C2780677400 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C37323507 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C55451941 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C56051852 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConcept C86432685 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C137357255 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C138885662 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C144133560 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C162324750 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C162853370 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C170706310 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C17744445 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C178016937 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C182880085 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C190253527 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C199539241 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C21931767 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C2776211767 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C2777381055 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C2778877846 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C2780677400 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C37323507 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C41895202 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C55451941 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C56051852 @default.
• W4312451142 hasConceptScore W4312451142C86432685 @default.
• W4312451142 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W4312451142 hasLocation W43124511421 @default.
• W4312451142 hasOpenAccess W4312451142 @default.
• W4312451142 hasPrimaryLocation W43124511421 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W1500689826 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W2347646663 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W2372645409 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W4210560089 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W4235663321 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W4245067639 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W4249900782 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W4294307262 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W4294324159 @default.
• W4312451142 hasRelatedWork W1780934933 @default.
• W4312451142 hasVolume "1" @default.
• W4312451142 isParatext "false" @default.
• W4312451142 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W4312451142 workType "article" @default.