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- W4312599218 abstract "Bromotrichloromethane (BrCCl3) is an extremely potent liver toxicant. It is a colorless, non-flammable liquid, sparingly soluble in water but highly miscible with organic solvents. It is readily evaporated upon exposure to the air. Bromotrichloromethane is used as a chain transfer agent for radical polymerization of methacrylates. It is also a powerful brominating reagent, particularly for active hydrogen compounds. It is used for the preparation of dichloro-methylene phosphorane, a Wittig reagent. Compared to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or chloroform (CHCl3), BrCCl3 is three times more potent to induce lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo. Bromotrichloromethane is metabolized predominantly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-2E1 enzyme, yielding phosgene (CoCl2) gas, trichloromethyl (CCl3), and bromodicholromethyl (BrCCl2) free radicals. These metabolites ultimately cross-react with macromolecules in the cells causing microsomal lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and covalently bind to proteins and lipids. These metabolites can also cross-react with glutathione leading to its depletion in the liver resulting in hepatotoxicity. Animal studies suggest that an accidental ingestion of this material in low amounts can be detrimental to the health of the individual. An exposure to skin may produce inflammatory reaction or can exacerbate any preexisting dermatitis. A systemic injury is plausible upon accidental exposure to bloodstream via cuts, abrasions, or lesions. Bromotrichloromethane is a respiratory irritant and prolonged exposure can result in neuro-behavioral changes and possible death at 20,000 ppm for 60 min. Exposure to 10,000 ppm for 30 min will induce marked incoordination, and 2000 ppm for 5 min may lead to disturbance of equilibrium." @default.
- W4312599218 created "2023-01-05" @default.
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- W4312599218 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4312599218 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4312599218 title "Bromotrichloromethane" @default.
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- W4312599218 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.00364-x" @default.
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