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• W4312709321 abstract "Allergic and immunologic diseases can be traced back to ancient, recorded history in the Greek, Middle Eastern, and Asian literature. Immunology as a modern science started with the development of vaccines whose roots can be traced to inoculation practices in China as early as the 10th century CE. Later these inoculation practices spread along the silk road to Eastern Europe, and were adopted by English physicians, culminating in the 19th century experiments by Edward Jenner to prevent smallpox. It is often said that “one cannot know where one is going without knowledge of where one has been.” Early history of immunology has formed the basis for new discoveries. However, it is only in the past 50 years that modern immunology has really taken shape. It is perhaps surprising to know that many current well-accepted concepts of innate and adaptive immunity, dendritic cells, and the various T cell subtypes did not exist just 50 years ago. Moreover, experimental methodologies such as monoclonal antibody techniques and polymerase chain reaction are only recent additions to our armamentarium of research tools. With the explosion of knowledge of immune cells, cytokines, and pathways, advanced computer technologies to handle big data have ushered in a new era of -omics. Epigenetics is now a well-known concept, whereby genes are influenced to turn on and off by environmental influences in a hereditable and reversible manner. Other advances of the 21st century include the recognition of check points and the development of checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancers. The basis for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are now better understood, resulting in the development of new biological modulators to control these diseases. The same can be said for atopic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy, along with the recent development of CRISPR gene editing, promise even more successful future treatment of immunologic and allergic diseases." @default.
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• W4312709321 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4312709321 modified "2023-10-07" @default.
• W4312709321 title "A brief history of allergy and immunology" @default.
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• W4312709321 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95061-9.00002-3" @default.
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