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- W4312771818 abstract "Multimodal freight transport has several advantages over other modes of transport and contributes to cost savings and reduced negative environmental impacts. We examined the multi-objective distribution network problem for the multimodal (road, rail, and sea) and intermodal (road and sea) freight transport sector of Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. The mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is used to formulate the problem of cost minimisation and CO2 emissions. Pakistan contributes significantly to regional air pollution as a result of its reliance on road transportation. We solved the MIP problem using the multi-objective bat algorithm (MOBA) and compared the MOBA with multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO), and multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (MO-NSGA-II) to analyse the performance of each algorithm. Pareto fronts assist decision makers in balancing cost and CO2 emissions in our study. The results confirm that considerable differences exist in terms of cost (25%) and CO2 emissions (66%) reductions." @default.
- W4312771818 created "2023-01-05" @default.
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- W4312771818 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4312771818 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4312771818 title "United Arab Emirates-Pakistan: the role of rail in green and economical intermodal and multimodal" @default.
- W4312771818 doi "https://doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2022.126954" @default.
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