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- W4312842922 abstract "Technological advances have greatly altered the life of people in the developed countries. Some have begun to question the adequacy of the technical approach to problems persistent in our age. It is clear that we can deduce and synthesize the chemical composition of human milk but there is a growing conviction that we cannot synthesize the process of human lactation. In less than 100 years, we have developed a sanitary and nutritionally adequate substitute for human milk; however, we have not synthesized the emotional bonding between the mother and infant about which human lactation is built. We can add the necessary quantity of zinc, iron or taurine to the formula, but we cannot match the availability of these essential nutrients when transferred from the mother to the infant through the nursing process. We have not found all the reasons why breast-fed infants have fewer infections than artificially fed infants. In a period of 102 years we have not matched the complex organization of biologic constituents developed in human milk through a process that began to evolve with the appearance of mammalian species 1.7 x 108 years ago and became specific for the species Homo sapiens 4 x 104 years ago. It is abundantly evident that great specificity differentiates various mammalian species; each has a milk that is unique in composition. The survival of the individual species has not allowed a margin of error in the biologic constituents of milk. The flowering of modern technology has allowed the development of a nutritionally satisfactory artificial feeding for the modern infant but it has not developed a way to nurture the child. We are still dependent on our evolutionary heritage for the endocrine, neurophysiologic, nutritional and immunologic benefits of the maternal-infant relationship, which continues the gestational process until the time of weaning." @default.
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- W4312842922 date "1979-01-01" @default.
- W4312842922 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W4312842922 title "Lactation" @default.
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- W4312842922 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3101(22)00674-0" @default.
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