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- W4313011226 abstract "Extract I must send them for a pattern to the whole World; yea, and to be upbraided by the Heathen Nations, who generally do Cohabit. Let the Brute Beasts Check them, who generally resort together in Droves; I’ll send them to the Fishes of the Sea, who swim together in shoals; The very fouls of the Air do flock together; All these concur in upbraiding our folly and ruining singularity in our manner of living, and scattered Habitation.—Francis Makemie, A Plain and Friendly Perswasive to the Inhabitants of Virginia and Maryland For Promoting Towns and Cohabitation (1705) In 1705, Presbyterian clergyman Francis Makemie excoriated the Chesapeake colonies of Virginia and Maryland as fatally flawed societies. We might expect to read such a damning indictment in the early years of the Virginia colony, with its notorious dysfunction; but the Chesapeake in the early eighteenth century, after a hundred years of development, has traditionally been portrayed as a stable oligarchy built on tobacco plantation agriculture and slavery. For Makemie, however, Virginia and Maryland still exhibited a fundamental flaw: their lack of towns. This absence of towns distinguished the Chesapeake colonies from the rest of English America, the rest of human civilization, and even the rest of God’s creation. The dispersed settlement structure posed an existential threat to the “Body of the present Constitution of Virginia.” Towns were essential places for “promoting and encouraging Education and Virtue” and “Checking and discountenancing Vice and Immorality.” Makemie was building on an established European understanding that urban places were not merely clusters of buildings but coherent communities, political bodies, and legal spaces that gave structure to and regulated the lives of residents and nonresidents alike. Makemie concluded that a century of stunted urban development had led to class tensions, an increasing reliance on enslaved labor, and a weak economy. All of the Chesapeake’s distinguishing features could ultimately be explained by its lack of urban structures, and thus any effort to address the region’s problems had to begin with towns and cities.1Close" @default.
- W4313011226 created "2023-01-05" @default.
- W4313011226 date "2018-01-01" @default.
- W4313011226 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4313011226 title "1. Garrison Towns, Corporate Boroughs, and the Search for Order under the Virginia Company" @default.
- W4313011226 doi "https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226585314.003.0001" @default.
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