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• W4313152442 abstract "Reviewed by: Missionary Cosmopolitanism in Nineteenth-Century British Literature by Winter Jade Werner Denae Dyck (bio) Missionary Cosmopolitanism in Nineteenth-Century British Literature by Winter Jade Werner; pp. 210. Ohio State UP, 2020. $79.95 cloth. Winter jade Werner's Missionary Cosmopolitanism in Nineteenth-Century British Literature reconsiders the relationship between evangelistic rhetoric and the consolidation of empire. Complicating established critical narratives that focus solely on missionaries' complicity in imperialist and racist ideologies, Werner calls attention to the shifting contours of missionary thought and practice. Her book demonstrates that missionary work was shaped by—and, in turn, helped to shape—ideas about cosmopolitanism, from the universalizing impulse that informed the early 1800s to the growing emphasis on cultural plurality in the aftermath of the so-called Indian Mutiny of 1857 (3). Werner illuminates a significant blind spot within scholarly discussions of cosmopolitanism, which for the most part have neglected to account for the global spread of Christianity. While previous studies, including those by Tanya Agathocleous, Christopher Keirstead, and Michael Scrivener, have begun to examine the complex intersections between nineteenth-century cosmopolitan sentiments and religious feelings, Werner ventures into new territory in her discussion of the modern missionary movement. [End Page 134] Werner's argument joins a growing body of post-secular scholarship that challenges the once widely held consensus about the decline of religion in the nineteenth century. The book's thoughtful contribution to this interdisciplinary conversation focuses on how literature exposes and explores ideological tensions, demonstrating that fictional narratives concretize otherwise abstract ideas in depicting individual characters' actions and motivations, as well as the tangible effect of such actions on others (37). By putting selected novels and poetry into dialogue with sermons, periodicals, and archival documents, Werner offers a carefully historicized discussion of missionary discourse and the literary imagination. The book's temporal scope makes it rewarding reading for scholars of the Romantic and Victorian periods alike. The first two chapters situate the early nineteenth-century missionary movement in dialogue with Enlightenment ideas. Chapter 1 shows that missionary societies contributed to an intellectual shift that redefined cosmopolitanism not as a revolutionary, anti-patriotic sentiment but as a beneficent concern for humankind compatible with British nationalism as expressed in the Great Exhibition of 1859. Tracing this history of ideas throughout Bleak House (1853), Werner demonstrates that Dickens's satirical portraits of Harold Skimpole and Mrs. Jellyby—representatives of early and mid-nineteenth-century cosmopolitanisms, respectively—not only critique both ideas but also reveals their underlying commonalities (43). Chapter 2 continues this discussion by considering how missionary societies adapted Enlightenment rhetoric to gain broader appeal, as they used this seemingly secular language to combat reductive stereotypes about religious enthusiasm (82). Werner demonstrates that Robert Southey, poet laureate from 1813 to 1843, both popularized and distorted this element of missionary discourse. Working across Southey's reviews of missionary periodicals as well as his own works, including A Tale of Paraguay (1825) and Sir Thomas More (1829), Werner shows how Southey adapted Kantian ideals to advance a problematic version of Christian colonialism that served his nationalist and imperialist ambitions. Furthering this examination of the ideological tensions that troubled missionary thought and practice, chapters 3 and 4 highlight some of the conundrums that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century. Situating Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1847) within debates about interracial marriage, chapter 3 argues that Brontë's novel exposes the discrepancies between the notions of universal kinship that underpinned missionary activity and the missionaries' increasingly insular behaviours. While some societies allowed and even promoted interracial marriage in the early 1800s, they later discouraged these unions for fear that they would undermine British superiority (112). Werner's compelling rereading shows that as much as the novel discredits Edward Rochester's marriage to Bertha Mason, the racialized other, it is equally if not more critical of St. John Rivers's determination to marry Jane Eyre, his blood relation (113). Chapter 4 turns to [End Page 135] Sydney Owenson's The Missionary: An Indian Tale, first published in 1811 and subsequently revised and retitled as Luxima, the Prophetess in 1859, to highlight an important shift in missionary thinking following the 1857 uprising. Werner demonstrates that these..." @default.
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• W4313152442 date "2022-03-01" @default.
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• W4313152442 title "Missionary Cosmopolitanism in Nineteenth-Century British Literature by Winter Jade Werner" @default.
• W4313152442 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2022.0021" @default.
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