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- W4313163902 endingPage "204173142211430" @default.
- W4313163902 startingPage "204173142211430" @default.
- W4313163902 abstract "Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes tremendous harm to a patient's physical, mental, and financial health. Moreover, recovery of SCI is affected by many factors, inflammation is one of the most important as it engulfs necrotic tissue and cells during the early stages of injury. However, excessive inflammation is not conducive to damage repair. Macrophages are classified into either blood-derived macrophages or resident microglia based on their origin, their effects on SCI being two-sided. Microglia first activate and recruit blood-derived macrophages at the site of injury-blood-borne macrophages being divided into pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Among them, M1 macrophages secrete inflammatory factors such as interleukin-β (IL-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) at the injury site, which aggravates SCIs. M2 macrophages secrete IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and neurotrophic factors to inhibit the inflammatory response and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Consequently, modulating phenotypic differentiation of macrophages appears to be a meaningful therapeutic target for the treatment of SCI. Biomaterials are widely used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their targeting and bio-histocompatibility. In this review, we describe the effects of biomaterials applied to modulate macrophage phenotypes on SCI recovery and provide an outlook." @default.
- W4313163902 created "2023-01-06" @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5018997688 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5021998931 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5023257318 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5023539365 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5040138884 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5044400781 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5049398456 @default.
- W4313163902 creator A5074910493 @default.
- W4313163902 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4313163902 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W4313163902 title "Biomaterials delivery strategies to repair spinal cord injury by modulating macrophage phenotypes" @default.
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