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• W4313198617 abstract "Reviewed by: Herakles im griechischen Epos: Studien zur Narrativität und Poetizität eines Helden by Silvio Bär Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Herakles im griechischen Epos: Studien zur Narrativität und Poetizität eines Helden. By Silvio Bär. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag (Palingenesia 111). 2018. Pp. 184. A pair of sculptures proclaiming the divinity of the royal pair Ptolemy ii Philadelphus and his sister-wife Arsinoe ii faced the temples of Zeus and Hera at Olympia. Commissioned by the nauarch Kallikrates of Samos, these images of the Egyptian king and queen gazed upon the metopes of the temple of Zeus, which depicted the twelve canonic labors of Herakles, the so-called dodekathlos. It is hard to think of a bolder assertion to a suzerainty of Pan-Hellenic culture. Yet for all the centrality of Herakles to Greek culture, no single surviving text encompasses his narrative or his central role. Other than in mythographical surveys and references to lost poetic works, Herakles is preserved for us in Greek epic primarily as a sort of palimpsest, a series of background images in other hexameter poems that give only a partial image of this huge figure's presence in the epic genre and in Pan-Hellenic culture. In this superbly written and carefully researched study of the progress of Herakles' evolution in Greek hexameter poetry, Silvio Bär has given us a rich and valuable study of Herakles' cultural trajectory from Homer to Nonnus. This is an important and illuminating work. In three short prefatory chapters that constitute the first part of his eleven chapter book, Bär lays out a couple of parameters for his study: the complex nature of Herakles (at once god and man, local cult figure and Pan-Hellenic symbol); the malleability of myth and of Herakles as mythological figure, which allows for contrasting and even opposing features and narratives; and, significantly, some of the narratological analytical [End Page 134] tools that will inform his analysis (the distinction between human beings and artificially created characters being one that needs special attention in this discussion). In Homer's Iliad Herakles' role is primarily paradigmatic: Herakles belongs to an earlier generation of warriors, indeed to an earlier Trojan War. Herakles' frequent appearances in the poem, whether in the voice of the primary narrator or one of the poem's characters, provide an over-arching canvas of individual heroic achievement and virile strength. As a figure of great martial success, Herakles is a constant model for a younger generation of warriors (especially for Achilles, cf. 41–44). The situation in the Odyssey is naturally different. In this poem the presence of the martial hero is less essential: Herakles only figures five times, as opposed to thirteen in the Iliad (Bär very helpfully lays all of these out). Perhaps the most compelling appearance of Herakles, or rather his avatar, is at the conclusion of Odysseus' visit to the Underworld (Od. 11.601–627): the underworld image of Herakles and his fear-inducing weaponry continues to inspire terror in the Underworld denizens, while Herakles himself (lines 602–604, long held by many scholars to be an interpolation) enjoys life among the gods. Bär makes the important observation here (47–48) that it is the fearsome Herakles of the Iliad that Odysseus observes in the Underworld. It might be worth adding that, with Agamemnon and Achilles as the first of the figures Odysseus sees in the Underworld, and the armed Herakles the last, in effect the whole of the martial world of the Iliad is consigned to the past. In Hesiod's Theogony Herakles is a different temporal marker than in Homer: whereas in the Iliad he is a figure of the past, in much of the Theogony he is a figure in the future. If the main focus of the Theogony is the establishment of the rule of Zeus on Olympus, allusions to Herakles' future achievements in defeating monsters (e.g., Geryon, the Nemean Lion) and monstrous practices (the human sacrifices of Busiris) are an earthly analogy to a new period of rule and order (esp. 57 and 60). If the Homeric Herakles entails..." @default.
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• W4313198617 date "2021-03-01" @default.
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• W4313198617 title "Herakles im griechischen Epos: Studien zur Narrativität und Poetizität eines Helden by Silvio Bär" @default.
• W4313198617 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/phx.2021.0010" @default.
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