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- W4313200046 abstract "CommentToward a History of Health Care: Repositioning the Histories of Nursing and Medicine Nicole Elizabeth Barnes (bio) In her essay, “Toward a History of Health Care: Repositioning the Histories of Nursing and Medicine,” preeminent nursing historian Patricia D’Antonio makes a case for a paradigm shift. She argues that we should study nurses and physicians “in relation to each other rather than, as we have done, in isolation” in order to better understand modern medicine. She posits that the formulation of professional nursing may have fundamentally shaped not only nursing but “the very structure and practices of health care itself” (p. 287). D’Antonio argues convincingly that we have much to learn from uniting the histories of medicine and nursing. I wholly agree with this proposition. In this essay, I make a case for amplifying what I call a “new history of healing” with three additional perspectives that decenter White North America and Western Europe to build a more capacious understanding of nursing and medicine as they have developed around the world. At this critical moment in the human experience, when we are still in the grip of a pandemic that first came to our attention in southern China and sparked a new wave of medicalized anti-Asian racism, it is imperative to consistently call into question assumptions of White centrality in the making and doing of modern medicine. Concomitant with this, the new history of healing should push us to question the centrality of “science” in modern medical practice. This pandemic has made the tenuous place of science abundantly clear, as myriad social and political problems consistently trouble the lifesaving power of vaccines, their unprecedentedly rapid development and revolutionary science be damned. A vaccine is powerful only once it is inside a human body, and getting it inside many a living body turns out to be extraordinarily difficult. I argue that the new history of healing, in addition to jointly analyzing histories of nursing and medicine, must look for and incorporate analysis [End Page 309] of (1) interactive dynamics between these healing systems and indigenous medical systems, (2) multiple centers of innovation, and (3) exceptions to accepted paradigms. I write from my own perspective as a historian of nursing in twentieth-century China. D’Antonio calls for “a new history that captures the complexity of the enterprise that is health care in the United States and around the globe” (p. 308) and that attends to multiple ways of knowing. Asia is a prime place for such examination. Home to many long-lived indigenous medical systems as well as countries that endured Western and Japanese colonial rule, Asia presents myriad examples of mutual adaptations between foreign and local medical systems.1 And while historians have attended to the ways that anatomical knowledge, germ theory, colonial medicine, antibiotics, and mass-produced pharmaceuticals have changed medical practices around the world, we have yet to consider how the professionalization of nursing influenced the subsequent development of indigenous medical systems. In China, for example, classical medicine is patriarchal. Medical lineages rarely pass the family heritage onto daughters, few women have achieved national recognition as famous physicians, and all the celebrated authors of canonical medical texts are men. Modern nursing and midwifery therefore granted significant numbers of women their first opportunity to engage in medicine as a career. While women had long cared for parturient and ailing bodies, their work had generally been inside the home and was either unremunerated or a source of inconsistent income. The professionalization of nursing and midwifery [End Page 310] granted women some measure of social standing, a recognized role and title in public institutions, a degree of authority over the bodies of others—including men!—and a consistent paycheck. It seems self-evident to consider how this changed gender roles and women’s lives, but we can also ask how women’s entry into professional medicine instigated change in indigenous medical practice. Did women learn from each other about new medical sciences and use this knowledge to demand more as patients?2 Did the presence of women working in medical wards—many of which in contemporary China incorporate Chinese medicine and biomedicine into the same space—instigate changes..." @default.
- W4313200046 created "2023-01-06" @default.
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- W4313200046 date "2022-09-01" @default.
- W4313200046 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W4313200046 title "Comment: Toward a History of Health Care: Repositioning the Histories of Nursing and Medicine" @default.
- W4313200046 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2022.0028" @default.
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