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• W4313220086 endingPage "1406" @default.
• W4313220086 startingPage "1406" @default.
• W4313220086 abstract "Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the fundamental anti-cancer regimens by means of inducing in situ tumor vaccination and driving a systemic anti-tumor immune response. It can affect the tumor microenvironment (TME) components consisting of blood vessels, immunocytes, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM), and might subsequently suppress anti-tumor immunity through expression of molecules such as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 therapies, have been regarded as effective in the reinvigoration of the immune system and another major cancer treatment. Experimentally, combination of RT and ICIs therapy shows a greater synergistic effect than either therapy alone.We performed a narrative review of the literature in the PubMed database. The research string comprised various combinations of radiotherapy, programmed death-ligand 1, microenvironment, exosome, myeloid cell, tumor cell, tumor immunity. The database was searched independently by two authors. A third reviewer mediated any discordance of the results of the two screeners.RT upregulates PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and macrophages. The signaling pathways correlated to PD-L1 expression in tumor cells include the DNA damage signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) pathway, cGAS-STING pathway, and JAK/STATs pathway.PD-L1 upregulation post-RT is found not only in tumor cells but also in the TME and is one of the mechanisms of tumor evasion. Therefore, further studies are necessary to fully comprehend this biological process. Meanwhile, combination of therapies has been shown to be effective, and novel approaches are to be developed as adjuvant to RT and ICIs therapy." @default.
• W4313220086 created "2023-01-06" @default.
• W4313220086 creator A5007585450 @default.
• W4313220086 creator A5007951686 @default.
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• W4313220086 creator A5031977575 @default.
• W4313220086 creator A5046701059 @default.
• W4313220086 creator A5051027971 @default.
• W4313220086 creator A5079821628 @default.
• W4313220086 date "2022-12-01" @default.
• W4313220086 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W4313220086 title "Radiation-induced PD-L1 expression in tumor and its microenvironment facilitates cancer-immune escape: a narrative review" @default.
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