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- W4313343150 abstract "Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombosis and pregnancy complications in subjects with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). The clinical relevance of aPLs, including the increased risk of thrombosis in patients with anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs), anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GP1), and lupus anticoagulant (LA), is well known. Although aPLs are directly involved in the pathogenesis and are associated with the thrombotic risk, they happen infrequently, indicating that additional factors are required for this association. A “second hit” is also considered necessary to provoke clotting formation in aPLs carriers. Since the first report of APS, several microbial and viral agents have been shown to impact aPL generation and influence the clinical manifestations of APS. Different possible mechanisms have arisen to explain the production of aPL in the course of infections, including epitope spreading with β2GP1 conformation modification, which expose cryptic epitopes, bystander activation, and molecular mimicry. However, limited attention has been paid to the mechanism sustaining chronic autoimmunity in APS. In recent years, many studies have emphasized the function of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including APS. Some of these potential mechanisms engaged in the pathogenesis of APS may have therapeutic implications." @default.
- W4313343150 created "2023-01-06" @default.
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- W4313343150 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4313343150 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W4313343150 title "Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis and Management of Anti-phospholipid Syndrome (Hughes Syndrome)" @default.
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- W4313343150 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4800-8_17" @default.
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