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• W4313374766 endingPage "462" @default.
• W4313374766 startingPage "295" @default.
• W4313374766 abstract "The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region is one of the largest and most diversified mountain settings in the world, having several parallel mountain ranges. Mountains cover nearly 24% of the land surface in the World and directly support over 12% of the world’s population that lives in these areas. About 20% of the world’s population derives a wide variety of ecosystem servicesEcosystem services from the mountains, including food, water, energy, timber, bioresources, and fodders for the livestock. Because of their geographical isolation and singular biophysical setting, many HKH areas exhibit high levels of endemism and rapid evolutionary processes. Mountain agricultureMountain agriculture is complex and interacts with biophysical, socio-cultural and agro-ecological factors for making food and social life security decisions. Fragmented and small holding size, limited access to inputs, credits, demands driven technologies and services further constrain agricultural development in the mountains of HKH. The farmers across the HKH region practise subsistence farming that depends on forest resources. This is mostly due to severe climatic conditions and lack of market facilities. Improper land use and climate change have increased stress on mountain ecosystems in the region. Overgrazing is widespread and plant biomass is releasing carbon from peat land and underground soils due to livestock pressure. The high alpine meadows are particularly under threat as topsoil cover is being eroded by water and strong winds, making restoration of vegetation more difficult. The degradation of the rangelands is also forcing nomads to change their profession. Some case studies conducted in AfghanistanAfghanistan, NepalNepal and PakistanPakistan suggest that decreased rainfall in rangelands has often resulted in increase of degraded area and accelerated desertification, affecting the livestockLivestock in Pakistan development. The Tibetan Plateau is highly prone to heating, drying, and more extreme weather conditions, which is having pronounced impacts on rangelands besides influencing the Asian monsoon system. Range and pasture lands account for over 60% of the surface of the HKH mountains. The impact of climate change has caused sharp declines in fodder productivity and animal carrying capacity and has also endangered the socio-economic fabric and wellbeing of pastoral communities. On acid soils, highly responsive crops like cotton, soybean, pigeon pea, groundnut, French-bean, etc. should be grown in the first year of liming. This should be followed by medium responsive crops like maize and wheat in the subsequent seasons. Cultivation of lowest responsive crops like millets, rice, barley, linseed, etc. should be done in the last season/year prior to commencement of the next liming schedule. While choosing crops for mountains, one major point needs to be considered is the local needs and preferences. The horticultural crops are relatively more suited in HKH mountains. Food securityFood security in the Hindu Kush Himalayas depends mainly on local production and purchasing power of the people. Fragile environment, depleted natural resourceNatural resources systems, limited availability of suitable land for large-scale production, physical inaccessibility, and poor local infrastructure are responsible for food insecurity in the Himalayas." @default.
• W4313374766 created "2023-01-06" @default.
• W4313374766 creator A5031982353 @default.
• W4313374766 creator A5039839143 @default.
• W4313374766 creator A5051930599 @default.
• W4313374766 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4313374766 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4313374766 title "Land Use and Management" @default.
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