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- W4313375076 abstract "Morphea, or localized scleroderma, encompasses several skin conditions manifesting with sclerotic changes secondary to an idiopathic, autoimmune, inflammatory process. En coup de sabre, or “by the touch of the sword,” is a form of localized linear scleroderma that affects the frontoparietal scalp and face and can result in secondary scarring alopecia. This type of morphea affects the dermal and subcutaneous layers but can extend to bone, sometimes affecting adjacent ocular and central nervous tissue. Morphea is a clinical diagnosis, initially presenting with inflamed edematous and erythematous patches before ultimately sclerosing to form bound-down indurated nodules or plaques. Unclear cases can be confirmed with a punch biopsy or a deep excisional biopsy. When morphea extends beyond the dermis, the extent of involvement should be evaluated with MRI or ultrasound. Without suspicion for other autoimmune conditions, testing for autoantibodies is not warranted given the low prognostic significance. Morphea treatment is based on how active and severe the condition is. Inactive disease lacks erythema, edema, peripheral induration, lesion expansion, or new lesion formation and can be managed with physical or occupational therapy and plastic surgery. Mild active disease can be managed with topical clobetasol, tacrolimus, vitamin D analogues, intralesional corticosteroids, and medium dose UVA phototherapy. Severe rapidly progressing morphea can be managed with methotrexate and systemic glucocorticoids. Refractory morphea can be managed with mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab." @default.
- W4313375076 created "2023-01-06" @default.
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- W4313375076 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4313375076 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4313375076 title "12-Year-Old-Girl with a White Indented Plaque of the Frontal Scalp and Forehead" @default.
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- W4313375076 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15820-9_18" @default.
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