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• W4313419581 abstract "Abstract The formation mechanism of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in flux-driven turbulence is studied by means of the full- f gyrokinetic code GKNET. In the adiabatic electron case with a weak magnetic shear configuration, toroidal momentum injection can change the radial mean electric field <?CDATA ${E_r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> through radial force balance, leading to a kind of driven ITB formation in which the ion thermal diffusivity by ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence decreases to the neoclassical transport level. Only cocurrent toroidal rotation in the outer core region can benefit the ITB formation, and this mechanism is identified to originate from a positive feedback loop between the radial <?CDATA ${E_r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> shear and resultant momentum flux. On the other hand, in the kinetic electron case with a reversed magnetic shear configuration, robust co-intrinsic rotation is driven near the <?CDATA ${q_{{text{min}}}}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>min</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> surface in ITG turbulence and sustains the <?CDATA ${E_r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> shear through the radial force balance, leading to the spontaneous reduction of ion turbulent thermal diffusivity, while this is not observed in the adiabatic electron case. In the presence of electron heating, counter-intrinsic rotation by trapped electron mode turbulence is selectively driven in the negative magnetic shear region, which provides steeper <?CDATA ${E_r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> shear formation and a resultant larger reduction of ion turbulent thermal diffusivity. This indicates that the co-existence of different modes can trigger the ‘discontinuity’ of mode structure, intrinsic rotation, and resultant mean <?CDATA ${E_r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> near <?CDATA ${q_{{text{min}}}}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>min</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , leading to spontaneous ITB formation." @default.
• W4313419581 created "2023-01-06" @default.
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• W4313419581 date "2022-12-29" @default.
• W4313419581 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W4313419581 title "ITB formation in gyrokinetic flux-driven ITG/TEM turbulence" @default.
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