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• W4313495430 abstract "Abstract In this paper, a novel miniaturized dual-polarized transceiver sensor using a reactive impedance surface (RIS) is presented for detecting fractures in human bone tissues. A RIS structure comprised of elegantly arranged rectangular patch elements are placed at the back of the radiating square patch antenna. The RIS reduces the overall dimensions of the sensor by 30% compared to a conventional patch resonator. Reducing the size results in better detection of bone fractures. Furthermore, a novel dielectric plano-concave lens is introduced between the patch antenna and the body tissue as a matching medium to concentrate and penetrate higher levels of EM power in the tissues as well as conform the curvy shape of the body. A few via holes, filled with a lossy dielectric material similar to human fat tissue, are embedded in the lens to increase the insertion loss in the presence of the cracked bone for easier crack detection. Because of the higher conductivity of blood filling the crack, insertion loss increases when scanning the damaged area. Without the use of the proposed lens, this increase in loss compared to normal bone is negligible and the crack is undetectable. Hence, by utilizing the proposed lens, it is possible to sense the difference between cracked and normal bones, and as a result, the resolution of the images in the raster scan is improved. In the proposed configuration, two sensors as a transmitter and a receiver are placed opposite each other on the tissue and move along the tissue simultaneously. The amount of EM power collected by the receiver can be determined by measuring the S-parameters; these parameters are used for construction of the images of the fractured bones. Several cases of bone fractures with horizontal and vertical orientations and width of at least 1 mm are evaluated through full-wave simulations. Narrow cracks in the millimeter range are precisely detected and localized with the help of the proposed sensor. The experimental measurements are carried out on a semi-solid modified human mimicking phantom. Scattering parameters are evaluated at each step of the raster scan to sense the difference between the presence or absence of cracks in the bone tissue. Bone fractures are clearly observed in the images constructed from the phases of the insertion losses between two transceiver sensors and from the contrast between the crack and the surrounding tissue. Orientation of the fracture is also determined by switching between two orthogonal polarizations. Great agreement between the experimental and simulation results is observed, which validates the reliability of the proposed system. Stable performance in the vicinity of different human bodies and higher concentration and penetration of power to increase detection accuracy are the prominent features of the proposed sensor." @default.
• W4313495430 created "2023-01-06" @default.
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• W4313495430 date "2023-01-04" @default.
• W4313495430 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W4313495430 title "Design of a Novel Dual-Polarized Microwave Sensor for Human Bone Fracture Detection Using Reactive Impedance Surfaces" @default.
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• W4313495430 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2421957/v1" @default.
• W4313495430 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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