Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W4313530015> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W4313530015 endingPage "109249" @default.
- W4313530015 startingPage "109249" @default.
- W4313530015 abstract "Membrane-based separation technologies play a pivotal role in attenuating the freshwater shortage worldwide. Spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules which involve several membrane envelopes glued together and separated by feed spacers have been used widely in these technologies. The primary role of feed spacers in the SWM module is to create the flow channel and enhance surface mixing near the membrane surface to improve mass transfer. However, they cause higher feed channel pressure (FCP) drop, create localized dead zones, and often lead to increased fouling/biofouling. Many studies have utilized 3D printing technologies to improve the performance of feed spacers. In this article, a comprehensive review of the historical evolution of 3D printing of feed spacers and their role in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes is provided. The influence of the 3D-printed feed spacer’s design on the hydraulic performance of membrane filtration, fouling/biofouling, and FCP drop are also extensively discussed. 3D printing showed great potential in the fabrication of innovative feed spacers for different membrane filtration processes. During the last few years, great advancements in 3D printing technologies led to faster and higher precision printers with microscale resolution (>1 µm). Novel feed spacers capable of enhancing mass transfer, reducing FCP drop, and minimizing biofouling became now possible. Such spacers can potentially reduce the energy consumption of the filtration process, thus, their environmental footprint. Nevertheless, 3D printing material toxicity and higher fabrication energy requirements are still environmentally concerning. Future studies should consider the chemical stability, toxicity, flexibility, and affordability of 3D-printed feed spacers as well as their integration into real membrane modules. Once these concerns are addressed, 3D-printed spacers will slowly move from the prototyping stage to replace the commercially available spacers and be entirely accepted for large-scale manufacturing." @default.
- W4313530015 created "2023-01-06" @default.
- W4313530015 creator A5080598398 @default.
- W4313530015 creator A5085364946 @default.
- W4313530015 date "2023-02-01" @default.
- W4313530015 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W4313530015 title "The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes" @default.
- W4313530015 cites W1751593674 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W1956708628 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W1978142106 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2002298554 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2024552212 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2029625311 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2038363863 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2044034545 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2046364194 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2055200072 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2061261628 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2072866279 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2076237713 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2077157615 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2079746159 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2116729943 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2137570578 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2155943302 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2194108214 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2203955203 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2204116415 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2507177902 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2508834946 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2514712600 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2541030742 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2567199666 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2603516460 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2613403567 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2729082940 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2730687674 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2740911118 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2763349771 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2779528919 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2789340231 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2799401246 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2800535110 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2803207546 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2810171128 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2886074680 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2887060472 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2888876781 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2893134220 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2901800149 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2902611879 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2906952633 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2917234733 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2920968002 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2921691021 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2924362995 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2930615165 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2952156859 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2953417411 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2965708900 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2968856756 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2983634010 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W2995930065 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3001127192 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3008466200 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3009759680 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3014145542 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3014577264 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3022667165 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3048700351 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3049327790 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3081203674 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3083110162 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3083166237 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3088777649 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3090438054 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3092646130 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3098610009 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3111742959 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3119002493 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3124210231 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3153342839 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3153520526 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3157122033 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3163314467 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3164813651 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3166732569 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3174183063 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3175387955 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3198447155 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3198468154 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3200088187 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W3208011154 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W4200415650 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W4205162978 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W4206504357 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W4213420867 @default.
- W4313530015 cites W4225146514 @default.