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- W4313531063 endingPage "141004" @default.
- W4313531063 startingPage "141004" @default.
- W4313531063 abstract "The co-firing of biomass and fossil-based wastes for energy production remained a promising approach for the effective utilization of agricultural and industrial waste. However, both untreated biomass and fossil-based feedstocks or wastes are often accompanied by undesirable fuel properties, leading to serious operational challenges and environmental hazards. In recent years, co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) emerged as a potential thermochemical technique for the valorization of different solid residues into eco-friendly hydrochar fuel. In this paper, the synergistic effects, environmental and economic benefits of co-treating lignocellulosic biomass and fossil-based feedstocks such as low grade coal and polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) were critically assessed. Based on previous studies, the co-HTC of biomass with coal or PVC resulted in significantly improved hydrochar yield and fuel properties. The influence of reaction temperature and time on various performance indicators such as hydrochar yield, energy yield, fuel ratio, carbon retention, dechlorination/desulfurization rate and ash index was also discussed. The reaction temperature of 260 °C and residence time of 3–4 h emerged as optimal conditions for obtaining the best hydrochar yield and carbon retention rate. Meanwhile, the most robust synergistic effects were realized under the blending ratio of 5:5 (wt%) for both biomass-coal and biomass-PVC blends. The co-treatment of biomass and fossil-based feedstocks also resulted in reduced ash contents and high dechlorination/desulfurization rates. Previous studies attributed the enhanced carbonization and sulfur/chlorine removal to the biomass-originated organic acids and hydroxyl groups generated during the process. Several critical suggestions were recommended for future studies related to the co-HTC of biomass and fossil-based feedstocks." @default.
- W4313531063 created "2023-01-06" @default.
- W4313531063 creator A5004217826 @default.
- W4313531063 creator A5015357235 @default.
- W4313531063 date "2023-02-01" @default.
- W4313531063 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W4313531063 title "A critical review on co-hydrothermal carbonization of biomass and fossil-based feedstocks for cleaner solid fuel production: Synergistic effects and environmental benefits" @default.
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