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- W4315702915 abstract "We examine the settled particle layers of planet forming disks in which the streaming instability (SI) is thought to be either weak or inactive. A suite of low-to-moderate resolution three-dimensional simulations in a $0.2H$ sized box, where $H$ is the pressure scale height, are performed using PENCIL for two Stokes numbers, St$=0.04$ and $0.2$, at 1% disk metallicity. We find a complex of Ekman-layer jet-flows emerge subject to three co-acting linearly growing processes: (1) the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), (2) the planet-forming disk analog of the baroclinic Symmetric Instability (SymI), and (3) a later-time weakly acting secondary transition process, possibly a manifestation of the SI, producing a radially propagating pattern state. For St$=0.2$, KHI is dominant and manifests as off-midplane axisymmetric rolls, while for St$=0.04$ the axisymmetric SymI mainly drives turbulence. SymI is analytically developed in a model disk flow, predicting that it becomes strongly active when the Richardson number (Ri) of the particle-gas midplane layer transitions below 1, exhibiting growth rates $lesqrt{2/Ri - 2}cdotOmega$, where $Omega$ is local disk rotation rate. For fairly general situations absent external sources of turbulence it is conjectured that the SI, when and if initiated, emerges out of a turbulent state primarily driven and shaped by at least SymI and/or KHI. We also find that turbulence produced in $256^3$ resolution simulations are not statistically converged and that corresponding $512^3$ simulations may be converged for St$=0.2$. Furthermore, we report that our numerical simulations significantly dissipate turbulent kinetic energy on scales less than 6-8 grid points." @default.
- W4315702915 created "2023-01-12" @default.
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- W4315702915 creator A5058045473 @default.
- W4315702915 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4315702915 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4315702915 title "Turbulence in Particle-laden Midplane Layers of Planet-forming Disks" @default.
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- W4315702915 doi "https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9411" @default.
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