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• W4315710062 abstract "Background/Objectives: Heavy metals chronic exposure is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at the population level, and regions with high levels of heavy metals contamination showed increased rate of mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases. Among different heavy metals; Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium are the most toxic to human health. The purpose of the study was to weigh the amount of evidence presented in the literature for an association between each heavy metal and five cardio-vascular diseases: coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Methods: Literature review was done. PubMed, google scholar, and science direct were searched using keywords cardiovascular diseases and 4 heavy metals, separate and all together. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and only relevant epidemiological articles were included. Bradford Hill criteria of causality was used to assess the association of each of the heavy metals with the five CVD. Results: The results of recent studies showed that the correlation between the four heavy metals and CVD are inconsistent with those of earlier studies and the general picture of the correlation between exposure to heavy metals and CVD presented by these studies is either inconsistent or not conclusive. Conclusion: Among the nine-criterion mentioned by Sir Bradford Hill, this study was only compatible with two out of nine criterions mentioned. The first criterion is the strength of the association, and the second criterion is the consistency of the association. Other criterions are not compatible with this study. Although this study tried to examine the effect of 4 heavy metals on CVD, most studies linked only 1 heavy metal to 1 or 2 CVD, due to the interactive effects of heavy metals, and the absence of clear understanding to the mode of action. Nonetheless, there is a great need to do further research and explore more about the effect of these 4 metals on CVD." @default.
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• W4315710062 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4315710062 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W4315710062 title "PS-P05-7: WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AT A POPULATION LEVEL" @default.
• W4315710062 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000915288.42205.68" @default.
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