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• W4317584009 abstract "Gabriele d'Annunzio, soldier, hero, poet, and erstwhile aviator of WWI, presented the idea of a Rome to Tokyo flight in a speech to fellow aviators at Rome's Centocelle airfield in July of 1919. He intended to lead the flight with his favorite pilot, Natale Palli. Palli flew their Ansaldo SVA-9 leading seven SVA-5s on the celebrated 620-mile round trip, leaflet bombing raid on Vienna on August 9, 1918. Lamentably, Palli froze to death, walking out of a crash site in the Alps before D'Annunzio's stirring speech. D'Annunzio withdrew from the adventure's leadership in September of 1919 to dedicate himself to the liberation of Fiume, as the Italians called Rijeka, in the Carnaro province of N.W. Croatia. Gabriele d'Annunzio was one of the greatest Italian poets and writers of the first half of the twentieth century. However, he had also been, in his way, a war hero and an aviation pioneer. During WWI, he was one of the so-called Flight over Vienna actors, throwing propaganda leaflets and defiance against the Austrian enemy. But he was also an extremely uncomfortable character: highly cultured but polemical (he had refused, without even having a degree, the chair of literature at the University of Bologna, the oldest in the world); full of debt and highly spicy in his intense love life, d'Annunzio was someone who fascinated but frightened, because his histrionic spirit had a tremendous popular rise in Italy. Mussolini considered him, not without good reasons, a great but a mad man. When the war ended in November 1918, his theatricality carried d'Annunzio to the political positions of those who considered for Italy an incomplete victory, the so-called mutilated victory. Strengthened by these convictions, d'Annunzio became the protagonist of a military enterprise precisely because he was politically disconnected and devoid of strategic sense. He even ended up worrying Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States when he committed the conquer by weapons of the town of Rijeka, which today is located in Croatian territory. The occupation of Rijeka lasted from mid-September 1919 to the end of December 1920, seriously embarrassing diplomacies, not just European ones. Even the military must have had considerable embarrassment, not so much because the militia of the Commander was frightening in itself, but because in this city there were essential production plants for the Navy. It should be remembered that the self-propelled marine torpedo was invented in this city in the 1860s. It is unlikely that Gabriele d'Annunzio knew this paragraph about the history of military engineering, but we can be sure that knowing it would not have changed his intentions. It was necessary to come up with something truly extraordinary. This undertaking was so significant as to magnetize the poet's attention and take away the energy from his firm intention of continuing to keep the Croatian town occupied, even at the risk of his own life. Killing d'Annunzio, who was neither wise as a man nor a fine politician, would not have been difficult. Still, it was not convenient to risk that by dying, he would become a hero more than he already was in the imagination of the Italians. After much hard lobbying by the holders of the purse strings of the war-weakened Italian economy, a plan was finally approved and funded. The goal was to send two SVA-9 two-seat trainers, each with a pilot and mechanic, ahead as route provers, pathfinders, and a formation flight of three Caproni Ca.3 tri-motor bombers and five additional SVA-9s to follow. Only the two airplanes made it to Tokyo in the event, all the others having either crashed or broken down." @default.
• W4317584009 created "2023-01-21" @default.
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• W4317584009 date "2023-01-19" @default.
• W4317584009 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W4317584009 title "The Rome-Tokyo air raid in 1920" @default.
• W4317584009 cites W4244812581 @default.
• W4317584009 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0709" @default.
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