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- W4317939977 abstract "Protoclusters of galaxies have been found in the last quarter century. However, most of them have been found through the overdensity of star-forming galaxies, and there had been no known structures identified by multiple spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies at $z>2.5$. In this letter, we report the discovery of an overdense structure of massive quiescent galaxies with the spectroscopic redshift $z=2.77$ in the COSMOS field, QO-1000. We first photometrically identify this structure as a $4.2sigma$ overdensity with 14 quiescent galaxies in $7times4 {rm pMpc^2}$ from the COSMOS2020 catalog. We then securely confirm the spectroscopic redshifts of 4 quiescent galaxies by detecting multiple Balmer absorption lines with Keck/MOSFIRE. All the spectroscopically confirmed members are massive ($log{(M_star/M_odot)}>11.0$) and located in a narrow redshift range ($2.76<z<2.79$). Moreover, three of them are in the $1times1 {rm pMpc^2}$ in the transverse direction at the same redshift ($z=2.760-2.763$). Such a concentration of four spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies implies that QO-1000 is $>68$ times denser than in the general field. In addition, we confirm that they form a red sequence in the $J-K_s$ color. This structure's halo mass is estimated as $log{(M_{rm halo}/M_odot)}>13.2$ from their stellar mass. Similar structures found in the IllustrisTNG simulation are expected to evolve into massive galaxy clusters with $log{(M_{rm halo}/M_odot)}geq14.8$ at $z=0$. These results suggest that QO-1000 is a more mature protocluster than the other known protoclusters. It is likely in a transition phase between the star-forming protoclusters and the quenched galaxy clusters." @default.
- W4317939977 created "2023-01-25" @default.
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- W4317939977 date "2023-01-20" @default.
- W4317939977 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4317939977 title "COSMOS2020: Discovery of a protocluster of massive quiescent galaxies at $z=2.77$" @default.
- W4317939977 doi "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2301.08845" @default.
- W4317939977 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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