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• W4319996251 abstract "It is an accepted fact that a newborn baby is a miniature adult human, just a wee bit smaller in physical size, and that all organs are also just smaller than those in an adult. Looks and external appearance wise this is true. But is it really so? Who else than the neonatologists and the neonatal anesthesiologists to know otherwise! They are different in all aspects, anatomically, physiologically, in the functioning of various organs of the body, be it pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatorenal, central nervous system and thermal control, body water distribution, type of hemoglobin, hematopoiesis and coagulation, skin physiology, feeding and intestinal physiology, and immune system. Besides, even the medical and surgical diseases that affect them are unique to this age group, with unique perioperative considerations. Handling of drugs by the body and effect of those drugs on the body are two most important aspects of greatest concern to a neonatal anesthesiologist. What must always be kept in mind when administering anesthesia to newborns (within 24 hours of birth, latest WHO says within 72 h of birth) is the changes that are still on going as the part of the adaptation process chiefly in the heart and lungs, and knowledge of factors that may adversely affect normal transition in the early neonatal period. Assessing anesthesia risk, taking all precautions during the perioperative management, and good postoperative outcome should be the goal of the anesthesia provider. The anesthesiologist must be well informed with all these aspects of anesthetic management, including specifics about the drug dosages, pain management, and ventilator management and care, as more often than not, some of the critically sick babies may already be on ventilatory and hemodynamic support, which may be needed in the postoperative period too. A healthy cooperation and communication between the neonatologist, surgeon, NICU staff, and nursing assistants in the wards and OT are essential to plan out a safe perioperative management strategy with intelligent risk assessment and prevention, while keeping the parents or caregivers in the loop and well informed. It is advocated that neonates should be cared for and operated upon in tertiary care centers, well equipped to manage them, regards appropriate appropriately sized equipments, wards, and OTs fitted with systems to maintain a suitable thermal environment, adequately trained staff, and with HDU/NICU facilities. This chapter will cover all the general aspects anatomical and physiological aspects of the newborn and neonate, necessary for any neonatal anesthesiologist to know. A section is added that enumerates special concerns in the premature baby too. The explanations and details are all discussed in the appropriate sections of this chapter and in other chapters." @default.
• W4319996251 created "2023-02-11" @default.
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• W4319996251 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4319996251 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W4319996251 title "General Anatomical and Physiological Considerations in the Newborn and Neonates" @default.
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