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- W4320008173 abstract "The physiology of the gut is very complex as it is the residential site of nonpathogenic commensal microorganisms and facing challenges from invading pathogenic organisms. Contaminated foods and water are the common sources of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and so on) and parasites (protozoa and helminths). All the pathogens exhibit colonization properties after they enter into the intestinal lumen. Enteropathogens generally use a specific type of secretory system for injecting the effector molecules into the host epithelial cells. They also secrete toxins for pathophysiological changes. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, impaired intestinal cellular functions, and pathogen-induced inflammatory response decreases the absorption of water, electrolytes, and nutrients. Impaired functions of transcellular and paracellular transport of water, and electrolytes cause diarrhea. The mucosal immune system of the gut always tries to prevent pathogenesis. Lamina propria, Peyer’s patch, and isolated lymphoid follicle are abundantly filled by immune cells (different subsets of monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells). Intestinal epithelial cells, Paneth cells, and goblet cells are also associated with host immunity. The immune cells use several strategies, including restriction of colonization, maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, increased phagocytic activity and secretion of IgA, and initiation of inflammatory response. However, a strong regulatory mechanism normally prevents the exaggeration of inflammation, but infections drastically switch on inflammatory activity. Thus, the balance in immune function has been maintained during infectious and noninfectious states to restrict unwanted tissue damage." @default.
- W4320008173 created "2023-02-11" @default.
- W4320008173 creator A5048814223 @default.
- W4320008173 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4320008173 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W4320008173 title "Mechanisms of gastrointestinal pathogenesis and landscape of intestinal immunity" @default.
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