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• W4320341463 endingPage "107040" @default.
• W4320341463 startingPage "107040" @default.
• W4320341463 abstract "The Tuli Basin represents one of the larger erosional remnants of the rift-related sequences of the Karoo continental flood basalts (CFB) of southern Africa. We present previously unpublished bulk-rock major and trace element analyses for 787 high-Ti picrites and basalts, including both surface and drill core samples, as well as Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-Os isotope compositions and rare earth element (REE) abundances for selected samples. Due to the identification of previously unrecognised basaltic sub-types, a new classification scheme for the high-Ti basalts and picrites of the Tuli Basin is proposed where they are divided into three types based on Zr/Nb and Ce/Y ratios: HZN-1, HZN-2, and LZN. The HZN-1 picrites/basalts occur at the base of the lava sequence and are overlain by the HZN-2 basalts, which, in turn, are overlain by the LZN basalts. We show that crustal assimilation is not the dominant process in influencing basalt and picrite petrogenesis. Using the Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS) program, the HZN-1 basalts are shown to have evolved over a range of pressure, whereas the HZN-2 and LZN basalts evolved at shallow depths. The HZN-1 and LZN picrites are highly enriched in LILE, HFSE, and LREE and are characterised by variable Zr/Y with high values at the base of the lava sequence that gradually decrease upward. This upwards decrease is shown to be related to increasing degrees of partial melting in the source with time. Compared to the picrites, the basalts have relatively low Zr/Y, indicating that evolution of basalt from a picritic parent began only after achieving higher degrees of partial melting in the source. The HZN-1 picrites and basalts have relatively radiogenic 87Sr/86Sri (0.7048 to 0.7059), low ƐNdi (−7.2 to −9.8), low ƐHfi (−8.9 to −14.2), and variable γOsi (−14.0 to +10.8), and are clearly distinguishable from HZN-2 and LZN basalts that have less radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr)i (∼0.7045), higher ƐNdi (−1.2 to −4.5), ƐHfi (∼0.1), and γOsi (−1.6 and +3.9). We show that the mantle source of southern African Karoo high-Ti basalts comprises at least three components with a dominant sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) signature. Each basalt type is shown to represent a temporally distinct episode of mantle melting and each of the three mantle components are progressively exhausted in the source with time. The possible presence of a sub-lithospheric component is only significantly reflected in the composition of the LZN basalts and picrites; the final phase of eruption." @default.
• W4320341463 created "2023-02-13" @default.
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• W4320341463 date "2023-03-01" @default.
• W4320341463 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W4320341463 title "Petrogenesis of the Tuli Basin high-Ti picrites and basalts, Karoo CFB, southern Africa: Classification, stratigraphy, emplacement, and mantle source heterogeneity" @default.
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• W4320341463 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107040" @default.
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