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• W4320736664 abstract "An indicator-based assessment, using five indicators each on anthropogenic interventions and channel planform, for three major flood events in 1968, 1993, and 2017, was carried out to identify the predominance between floods and human activities in modifying the planform of the Mahananda-Balason system (MBS). Initially, the unconfined stretches of the studied system were segmented into 20 equidistant reaches and used as the assessment units. The land use/land cover practices of the study region were classified using the support vector machine algorithm. The impact of human activities on channel planform was quantified through panel data regression. Planform attributes, measured for pre- and post-flood for the selected years, were tested using the two-tailed “t-test.” A total of four cross-sections were measured, and the flood level of 1968 was superimposed to assess if that level of discharge can cause flooding or not. Results showed that built-up areas had expanded by 197.85% during these 49 years, for the entire area, at the expense of agricultural land or grassland and river. Accordingly, embankments were increased from 2.63% in 1968 to 51.85% in 2017, and almost the entire channel bed (82%) was experiencing large-scale sediment extraction, and significant portions of the adjoining floodplain were concretized (24.10%). Following that, CA, CW, CL, and BI were reduced significantly by ≥40%. The reduction of CCB was also significant but relatively lower in percentage (10.69%). All these fluctuations in channel planform properties were well explained by anthropogenic interventions since the R2 values were measured >0.70 indicating a strong correlation between the anthropogenic interventions and channel planform alterations. Increased human activities had impacted the channel planform in such a way that except in 1968, no significant inter-seasonal fluctuations regarding channel planform were measured. In few reaches, planform properties responded to the occurrence of floods in 1993 and 2017. Conversely, several reaches even experienced channel narrowing after the flood discharge. Embanking was done on such a large scale that in most areas, even the flood levels of 1968 could not overtop it. Coupled effect of these anthropogenic interventions is transforming this river system into a controlled one where natural channel forming factors have limited roles in reshaping channel planform, which in return is causing socio-hydrological hazards in the form of undersupply of sediments, lack of groundwater, and destabilization of bridges. This cost and time effective methodology can be adopted in other rivers also to assess the extent of anthropogenic interventions and planform alteration along with identifying the responsible factors behind the planform adjustment; however, more in-depth and long-term study is required to fully understand the interrelationship among the anthropogenic interventions and change in channel planform." @default.
• W4320736664 created "2023-02-15" @default.
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• W4320736664 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4320736664 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4320736664 title "Assessing Human Control on Planform Modification over Floods: A Study of Lower Mahananda–Balason River System, India" @default.
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• W4320736664 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21086-0_6" @default.
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