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- W4321441974 abstract "Extreme rainfall events are increasingly common under the current trend of global warming. This work investigates how a heavy rainfall on one exit affects the fire burning and the smoke spread in tunnels. Several reduced-scale tests are designed with various rainfall intensities (up to 60 mm/h, equivalent to 232 mm/h in nature), raindrop sizes (1.0-1.5 mm, equivalent to 4-6 mm in nature), and tunnel fire heat release rates (2.1-6.7 kW, equivalent to 2-6 MW in real scale). Experiments show that heavy rainfall on one exit can induce a longitudinal airflow inside the tunnel, and the induced airflow is caused by the increased pressure at the rainfall exit. The airflow pushes the flame tilting towards the no-rainfall portal, and the correlation models of the flame length and flame inclination are characterized by considering the induced airflow and rainfall. The rainfall-induced airflow has a limited effect on the burning rate of pool fires, but it can change the ceiling temperature and limit the smoke back-layering toward the rainfall portal. In contrast, the ceiling temperature distribution towards the no-rainfall portal is found not sensitive to rainfall, which can be well described by an empirical model." @default.
- W4321441974 created "2023-02-22" @default.
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- W4321441974 date "2023-06-01" @default.
- W4321441974 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4321441974 title "Can heavy rainfall affect the burning and smoke spreading characteristics of fire in tunnels?" @default.
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- W4321441974 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.123972" @default.
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