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• W4321996507 abstract "With the changing climate, the study of fog formation is essential and needs of the hour, as the nature of fog has changed due to impact of complexity of natural and anthropogenic aerosols. Chemical and physical properties of condensation nuclei (CN) influence the formation of fog and thus visibility over India. The presences of ample water vapor in the air, microphysical and thermodynamic property of CN are crucial for the occurrence and sustenance of fog. The visibility parameterization is depending on the number of cloud droplets. The aerosol particle and conversion of aerosol to fog droplet, which requires external nuclei for water vapor to condensation, is controlled by the processes of condensation or diffusional growth. The condensation process is controlled by solute effect (Raoult's effect) and the curvature effect (Kelvin effect) and may happen over a pre-existing Aitken aerosol particle. The growth of droplets is determined by the size of CN and a droplet will always try to maintain an equilibrium state if the equilibrium supersaturation&#8201;is less than the amount of water vapor available in the atmosphere. The K&#246;hler curve portrays the evaporation of droplets under the &#8220;curvature effect&#8221; and the &#8220;solute effect&#8221;. Droplets with higher solute concentration have lower critical supersaturation values. Thus, hygroscopicity (&#954;), which is highly related to the activation of aerosols to CN, takes into account the contribution of aerosol particles to fog droplet formation. The &#954;-K&#246;hler theory combining the Kelvin's equation and Raoult's law are used for the activation of a deliquesced aerosol particle, which is forming an aqueous solution droplet into a smaller cloud droplet. Hygroscopicity is linked with the water activity and thus the thermodynamics of solution governs the aerosols liquid water and hence, better understanding of hygroscopicity is essential in numerical model for the fog and visibility prediction. The microphysical properties of fog are also regulated by aerosol, which is more strongly reliant on concentration aerosols and its chemistry (hygroscopicity and water activity). The saturation value needed for fog formation can be brought down by aerosol number concentration. It is concluded that the complexity in fog and visibility forecasting is found to be high due to multiple factors having a role at multiple levels. We may propose a revised visibility parameterization over Indian subcontinent.&#160;" @default.
• W4321996507 created "2023-02-26" @default.
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• W4321996507 date "2023-05-15" @default.
• W4321996507 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W4321996507 title "Is a more physical representation of aerosol activation needed for fog forecasting in perspective of climate change?&#160;" @default.
• W4321996507 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-10939" @default.
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