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• W4322702934 abstract "The modern era in the biological treatment of schizophrenia was initiated with the observation that chlorpromazine, originally studied for its sedative effects, had the ability to treat delusions and hallucinations. The hypothesis that the antipsychotic action of chlorpromazine was caused by its ability to block the stimulation of brain dopamine receptors ( Carlsson and Lindqvist 1963 Carlsson A. Lindqvist M. Effect of chlorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1963; 20: 140-144 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1591) Google Scholar ), along with the hypothesis that amphetamine-induced psychosis was caused by the increased availability of dopamine ( Randrup and Munkvad 1972 Randrup A. Munkvad I. Influence of amphetamines on animal behavior Stereotypy, functional impairment and possible animal-human correlations. Psychiatria, Neurologia, Neurochirurgia. 1972; 75: 193-202 PubMed Google Scholar , Snyder 1973 Snyder S.H. Amphetamine psychosis A “model” schizophrenia mediated by catecholamines. Am J Psychiatry. 1973; 130: 61-67 PubMed Google Scholar ), were the pivotal ideas that catalyzed the intense effort to link dopamine and schizophrenia and to understand the role of dopamine in brain and behavior. The group of neuroleptic drugs that resulted from the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia shaped not only the treatment of schizophrenia but also the basic conception of the disease process itself. The neuroleptic drugs facilitated the closing of vast numbers of psychiatric beds and the initiation of community treatment for schizophrenia, two factors that have had enormous consequences for patients and their families, for the mental health professions and psychiatry in particular, and for society as a whole. Unfortunately, the challenge of treating patients with schizophrenia in the community using neuroleptic drugs as the mainstay of treatment has not been adequately met, as evidenced by only modest advances in improving outcome in schizophrenia and the large numbers of people with schizophrenia in the United States who are homeless or incarcerated." @default.
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• W4322702934 date "1999-11-01" @default.
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• W4322702934 title "Treatment of schizophrenia and spectrum disorders: pharmacotherapy, psychosocial treatments, and neurotransmitter interactions" @default.
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• W4322702934 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00255-3" @default.
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